高一英語改錯(cuò)技巧
“短文改錯(cuò)”題是各類考試中的一個(gè)重要題型。盡管該題難度不大,但仍有一些同學(xué)在做此類題目時(shí)不得要領(lǐng),接下來小編搜集了高一英語改錯(cuò)技巧,歡迎查看,希望幫助到大家。
高一英語改錯(cuò)技巧
一、查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致
時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤幾乎是每年NMET短文改錯(cuò)中必設(shè)的改錯(cuò)題。要有目的地去檢查文中的每一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文、語境以及該句的時(shí)間狀語是否相符和一致。
例如: Today, it is mucheasier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93) is 應(yīng)改為was,使之與時(shí)間狀語in the past一致。
二、查主謂是否一致
在檢查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是否正確的同時(shí),還要注意檢查該動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上是否與主語保持了一致。例如:
1. Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.(NMET' 94)cost應(yīng)改為costs,因其主語是it(為形式主語),且上下文均為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
2.The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of theclass…(NMET'93)由or連接的兩個(gè)以上的主語應(yīng)由靠近謂語的主語來決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,故become應(yīng)改為becomes。
主謂語一致的情況較為復(fù)雜,考生平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)要留心歸納。有些特殊句式的主謂一致問題很容易被忽視,如倒裝句、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語的情況等,答題時(shí)要高度重視。
三、查指代是否一致
對(duì)于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容以及在句中的作用,注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后一致,包括人稱代詞、指標(biāo)代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞以及疑問代詞等。指代錯(cuò)誤也是高考改錯(cuò)題中常設(shè)的改錯(cuò)題。例如:
1. We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been toEurope…(NMET'92)根據(jù)上下文,句中的They屬指代不一致,應(yīng)改為We。
2. The game speaks for themselves. ( MET'90) 句中的反身代詞themselves應(yīng)改為單數(shù)itself,因?yàn)橹复氖菃螖?shù)主語the game。
四、查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致
由and,or,but,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also…,as well as等并列連詞和詞組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。平行結(jié)構(gòu)在詞性、時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式上往往要求前后一致。答題時(shí)要留心平行結(jié)構(gòu)前后是否對(duì)等平行,這也是常設(shè)的錯(cuò)誤。
例如:Modern people know…,have better food,and to live in cleaner surroundings. (NMET'93)應(yīng)將 to live前的to刪掉,因?yàn)閍nd連接的.是know,have,live三個(gè)并列平行的謂語動(dòng)詞,其時(shí)態(tài)和形式必須一致。
五、查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語或上下文是否一致
名詞數(shù)的錯(cuò)誤也是高考常設(shè)的改錯(cuò)題。要查一下名詞是否可數(shù),與其修飾語是否一致。例如:
1.…They have been to Europe many time. (NMET'92)time(次)顯然與修飾語many不一致,應(yīng)改為times。
2.(They) … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96)question 是可數(shù)名詞,其修飾詞是lots of,當(dāng)然應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)questions。
六、查行文邏輯是否一致
查這方面的錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)從文章整體內(nèi)容出發(fā),通篇考慮,以行為單位是難以發(fā)現(xiàn)這種錯(cuò)誤的。邏輯不一致主要是由肯定與否定、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語以及動(dòng)詞(如come與go,take與bring)的誤用所造成的,應(yīng)多從這方面去查找。例如:
1. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to ahospital since they are ill.(NM ET'93)根據(jù)行文邏輯,這里不應(yīng)該由since來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,而應(yīng)該是when/whenever或if來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或條件狀語從句。
2. We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (NMET'91)根據(jù)行文邏輯,表示并列關(guān)系的and 應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but。
改錯(cuò)類型匯總
1、從句
一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)從句引導(dǎo)詞的考查主要涉及根據(jù)句意正確選用引導(dǎo)詞、引導(dǎo)詞的誤加與漏用、將不是從句的東西誤認(rèn)為是從句而誤加引導(dǎo)詞等。
二、真題單句歸納
(1)However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. (there 改為 where,where 在此引導(dǎo)定語從句) (全國卷)
。2) I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (去掉 when 或?qū)?when 改為 that/which,因這里的定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞(spent)缺賓語,故只能用關(guān)系代詞 that或?qū)⑵涫÷裕?/p>
。3) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where 改為 which,因此處要填關(guān)系代詞作主語) (全國卷)
。4) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (we 前加 when,時(shí)間狀語從句缺少連詞引導(dǎo)) (全國卷)
。5) I have a good friend who‘s name is Liu Mei. (who’s 改為 whose,因who‘s=who is,不僅結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤,而且意思也不通;whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句,表示“……的”)(福建卷)
2、并列連詞
一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)并列連詞的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等幾個(gè)表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等關(guān)系的詞語。嚴(yán)格說來,這類錯(cuò)誤主要屬于行文邏輯的錯(cuò)誤。
二、真題單句歸納
。1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (and 改為 but,因此處語意轉(zhuǎn)折)
。2) She was smiling but nodding at me. (but 改為 and,因此處并無轉(zhuǎn)折之意(全國)
。3) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (and 改為 or,a visitor 和 a guest 應(yīng)是選擇關(guān)系,意思是“好像我的父母親把我當(dāng)作一個(gè)來訪者或一個(gè)客人”)
。4) The food was expensive and the service was good. (and 改為 but,此處意義發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折)
。5) My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.(but 改為and,此處表示并列,而不是轉(zhuǎn)折) (江蘇卷)
3、代詞
一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)代詞的考查主要涉及人稱代詞的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和單復(fù)數(shù)的一致性)、人稱代詞的主格與賓語變化、各類代詞的誤加與漏用(尤其是一些易受漢語影響的結(jié)構(gòu))、某些不定代詞的用法(尤其是在意思上用錯(cuò))、代詞在某些習(xí)語中的用法等。
二、真題單句歸納
。1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (去掉 it,因它與其前的關(guān)系代詞 which 語義重復(fù)) (全國卷)
(2) And I can‘t forget the good food you cooked for I. (I 改為 me,因介詞之后的人稱代詞要用賓格) (全國卷)
。3) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place I couldn‘t find. (them 改為it,因它指代上文提到的a chocolate cake) (北京春季卷)
(4) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own (your 改為 their,主語是 more and more people,故用代詞their)(浙江卷)
。5) What‘s more, you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him. (him 改為 them,因?yàn)榇颂幰娴氖?your pupils) (湖北卷)
4、名詞
一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
短文改錯(cuò)的名詞考點(diǎn)主要涉及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問題,即在該用復(fù)數(shù)的地方誤用其單數(shù),或在該用單數(shù)的地方誤用其復(fù)數(shù)。
二、真題單句歸納
。1) There are branch library in many villages. (library 改為 libraries,因其前的謂語are為復(fù)數(shù)) (全國卷)
。2) Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. (去掉time,因first 已含有“次”的意思) (全國卷)
。3) …so that I‘ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject 改為 subjects,請(qǐng)注意前面的 all) (全國卷)
(4) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. (minute改為minutes,因?yàn)閍 few后面的名詞一定是復(fù)數(shù)) (廣西卷)
。5) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改為knowledge,因 knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式) (湖北卷)
5、冠詞
一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)冠詞的考查主要涉及冠詞的誤加和漏用,有時(shí)也考查不定冠詞與定冠詞以及零冠詞的用法區(qū)別(包括 a 與 an 的區(qū)別)。其中,涉及最多的是,當(dāng)一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí),其前漏用不定冠詞;另外,冠詞在一些習(xí)語中的用法也是一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)。
二、真題單句歸納
。1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改為 an,因 hour 讀音以元音開頭) (全國卷)
。2) I‘ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (wonderful 前加 a,該表達(dá)與 have a good time 類似,其中的 a 不可。ū本┐杭揪恚
。3) As everyone knows, it‘s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(在 famous 前加 a,注意 mountain 是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞) (全國卷)
。4) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (boy 前加 a,因 boy 為可數(shù)名詞) (江蘇卷)
。5) My grandma was the best cooker in the world and could make the most delicious dishes. (cooker 改為cook,比較:cook=炊事員,cooker=炊具) (江蘇卷)
6、形容詞與副詞
一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)形容詞與副詞的考查主要涉及形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的誤用(尤其是在本身已是比較級(jí)的詞前誤加more)、形容詞與副詞的混用(如修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)誤用形容詞或修飾名詞時(shí)誤用副詞)等,另外,用作表語時(shí)該用形容詞的卻誤用了名詞、簡短副詞(如 in, down 等)的誤加與漏用、涉及形容詞搭配的as…as 結(jié)構(gòu)、how 與 what 的混用等也是常考的考點(diǎn)。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改為 frightened,因它表示某人感到害怕,而不是令人害怕) (全國卷)
。2) I‘m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改為 wonderful,因它是放在名詞前作定語) (全國卷)
。3) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改為 Unfortunately,因此處要求用副詞作狀語) (全國卷)
。4)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (quietly 改為quiet,and連接并列成分quite和shy) (全國卷)
。5) She called 119 immediate. (immediate改為immediately,用作狀語,要用副詞)
7、介詞
一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)介詞的考查主要涉及在及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語時(shí)誤加介詞和在不及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語時(shí)漏加介詞、可直接用作狀語的副詞短語前誤加介詞、介詞與其他詞的常用搭配、常用介詞的基本用法、習(xí)語中的介詞用法等。
二、真題單句歸納
。1) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改為 of,catch sight of是習(xí)語,意為“看見”) (全國卷)
(2) When I have free time I go a long walk.(go 后加 for,go for a walk 是習(xí)語(全國)
。3) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (for 改為 of,注意句型 It‘s kind of sb to do sth) (全國卷)
。4) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at,the moment 在此用作連詞,相當(dāng)于 as soon as)(全國卷)
。5) I feel sorry to him. (to 改為 for,be / feel sorry for sb 意為“為某人感到難過”)
8、動(dòng)詞
一、動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)歸納的是除動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與非謂語動(dòng)詞之外的動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn),它包括被動(dòng)語態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞形式的變化、動(dòng)詞用法辨析、動(dòng)詞 be 的誤加與漏用等。
二、真題單句歸納
。1)Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改為 kept,因此處要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(全國)
。2) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此處缺謂語動(dòng)詞) (全國卷)
。3) I‘d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become,因 would like后要接不定式,根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)加 be / become)(全國卷)
。4) There will an important game next month. (will 后加be,此處缺謂語動(dòng)詞)
。5)We were all left home at an early age. (去掉were,因句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞left,“我們離開家”又是主動(dòng),不能再加be) (天津卷)
9、時(shí)態(tài)
一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)主要涉及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去的區(qū)別,其命題方式通常是在一個(gè)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的背景下誤用某個(gè)一般過去時(shí);或者反過來,在一個(gè)一般過去時(shí)的背景下誤用某個(gè)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。從所涉及的動(dòng)詞來看,主要涉及be 和 have兩個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)也涉及其他時(shí)態(tài),如一般將來時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等,但很少見。
二、真題單句歸納
。1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop…(stop改為stopped)
。2) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改為calmed)(全國卷)
。3) He said he is busy. (is 改為 was) (北京春)
。4) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor‘s house. (find改為 found) (福建卷)
。5) I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改為 was) (湖北卷)
10、非謂語動(dòng)詞
一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析
短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查主要涉及不定式符號(hào) to 的有無,介詞后該使用動(dòng)詞的什么形式(用動(dòng)名詞),并列結(jié)構(gòu)中幾個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞是否一致,動(dòng)詞用作主語時(shí)用何種形式(可用動(dòng)名詞或不定式,但不能用動(dòng)詞原形)等。
二、真題單句歸納
。1) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (have改為having,因?yàn)榻樵~后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語) (全國卷)
(2) I look forward to hear from you soon. (hear改為 hearing,因?yàn)槠淝暗?to 是介詞)
。3) I‘ll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. (prepare 改為 preparing,因?yàn)樗c其前的 reading 并列,與其前所用的動(dòng)詞 spend 有關(guān)) (北京春季卷)
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