高三英語(yǔ)閱讀指導(dǎo)與基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練
一、談?wù)勯喿x理解
閱讀是高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。閱讀理解在高考試卷中占分40分，如果加上完型填空題（有人稱之為缺詞閱讀）30分，那就是70分，占了將近總分的一半。高考之所以重視閱讀理解，是因?yàn)殚喿x是一種比較高級(jí)的語(yǔ)言能力，它是獲取更綜合、更復(fù)雜、更精確信息的必要手段。閱讀能力也是做好其他題型，如聽(tīng)力、單項(xiàng)填空、短文改錯(cuò)和書(shū)面表達(dá)的基本因素。閱讀理解的考核是在語(yǔ)篇中進(jìn)行的，也易于考查觀察、判斷、推理與綜合的能力。
閱讀理解題一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新聞報(bào)道、議論文和應(yīng)用文（如廣告、產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明、電報(bào)等）。五篇文章加上所問(wèn)問(wèn)題，總單詞量在2000個(gè)左右，要求在35分鐘內(nèi)完成。閱讀速度平均為每分鐘60個(gè)詞。
做好閱讀理解題的必備條件：
1、能迅速看準(zhǔn)每一句的結(jié)構(gòu)，找出主句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。
2、有一定的詞匯量和分辨詞義詞性的能力。
3、能靈活運(yùn)動(dòng)所學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)，對(duì)影響意思理解的'復(fù)合句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)、省略、替代和跳躍等語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象做出正確判斷。
4、有良好的思維能力。會(huì)邊看邊加工所得到的信息，從而做出正確的推理判斷，綜合概括，準(zhǔn)確理解表面意思和深層含義。
5、會(huì)精讀，也會(huì)跳讀和略讀。
6、具有相當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和良好的語(yǔ)感。
7、對(duì)英美文化有一定了解。
在準(zhǔn)備閱讀理解測(cè)試時(shí)，要明確閱讀的能力是靠大量閱讀的實(shí)踐練出來(lái)的。有志于提高閱讀水平的同學(xué)，應(yīng)該每天堅(jiān)持讀三四篇文章，日積月累，才能逐步提高閱讀水平。讀的時(shí)候要注意精讀與泛讀相結(jié)合。精讀的文章力求弄懂每一句話，每一個(gè)詞，必要時(shí)要請(qǐng)教老師，翻查詞典。泛讀的文章，一般是難度較小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些詞甚至句子不懂也沒(méi)關(guān)系，盡量不查詞典，這樣可以保證一定的速度和量。泛讀對(duì)培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，提高速度有很大好處。可惜有同學(xué)不重視泛讀，以為閱讀就是逐字讀，這其實(shí)是片面的。
二、練習(xí)與解析
In 1901, H. G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explores（探險(xiǎn)者）landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise.“Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?”
H. G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969. human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
Under ground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel”,a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France, is now complete.
But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “Alice Cities.”The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome（太陽(yáng)能穹頂）would cover the whole city.
Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G. Wells’“moon people” would agree. Would you?
1. The explorers in H. G. Wells’story were surprised to find that the “moon people”________.
A. knew so much about the earth
B. understood their language
C. live in so many underground cities
D. were ahead of them in space technology
2. What does the underlined word “it” (Paragraph 2) refer to?
A. Discovering the moon’s inner space.
B. Using the earth’s inner space.
C. Meeting the“moon people”again.
D. Traveling to outer space.
3. What sort of underground systems are already here with us?
A. Offices, shopping areas, power stations.
B. Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas.
C. Gardens, car parks, power stations.
D. Tunnels, gardens, offices.
4. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Alice Cities—cities of the future
B. Space travel with H. G. Wells
C. Enjoy living underground
D. Building down, not up
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D
1. 解答本題時(shí)，可從開(kāi)頭段中the explorers登上月球后的發(fā)現(xiàn)找出線索：… they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities，也就是本題題干與選項(xiàng)C結(jié)合而成的說(shuō)法：The explorers… to find that the “moon people” lived in so many underground cities。
2. 注意此句重心在后，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是：… you don’t even use your inner space，也即選項(xiàng)B所說(shuō)的Using the earth’s inner space。
3. 通過(guò)跳讀迅速將探索范圍縮小到第3段，其主題句即為Under ground systems are already in place，然后列出這些systems的名稱：car parks, large underground shopping areas, a tunnel。
4. 短文開(kāi)頭explorers與moon people之間的對(duì)話中即已點(diǎn)明use inner space，也就是build down這一主題；結(jié)尾段中則更為明確地將全文主題(underground development)解釋為building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space,，由此可以確定本題答案為D。
【高三英語(yǔ)閱讀指導(dǎo)與基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練】相關(guān)文章：
英語(yǔ)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練題09-16
高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)04-03
高三英語(yǔ)作文指導(dǎo)10-10
英語(yǔ)指導(dǎo)：高三英語(yǔ)如何復(fù)習(xí)06-08
2017年專四英語(yǔ)閱讀基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練題03-12
學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試閱讀基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練題及答案08-19