孔子介紹及英文翻譯

　　英語是一種西日耳曼語支，最早被中世紀(jì)的英國使用，并因其廣闊的殖民地而成為世界使用面積最廣的語言。下面是小編收集整理的孔子介紹及英文翻譯，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。

　　孔子

　　孔子，名丘，字仲尼。魯國陬邑人。先世是宋國貴族，避難遷魯。他出生時，家世已經(jīng)沒落。年輕時做過季孫氏的委吏和乘田等。三十多歲到齊國，幾年沒有得到齊君的重用，又回到魯國，聚徒講學(xué)。五十多歲時，由魯國中都宰升任司寇。后又曾周游宋、衛(wèi)、蔡、齊、楚等國。晚年在魯國編訂古代文化典籍《詩》《尚書》《春秋》等，教授門徒�？鬃拥牡茏釉鴮⑺�的談話和他與門徒的問答，輯成《論語》一書，這是研究孔子思想的主要資料。

　　Confucius

　　One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wisephilosopher named Confucius. Hesometimes went bythe names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He wasborn in the village of Zou in the country of Lu.

　　This Chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature,the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teachingthem lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully.

　　Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. Hisoriginal namewas Kung Chiu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received afine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters.

　　故事一：韋編三絕

　　孔子晚年喜歡研讀《易經(jīng)》，那時候的書是用竹簡制成，用牛皮繩編連起來�？鬃臃磸�(fù)翻閱，以至于把牛皮繩都磨斷了多次。他這種勤奮鉆研的精神令人欽佩。

　　英文翻譯：Confucius in his later years was fond of studying "The Book of Changes". At that time, books were made of bamboo slips and bound together with oxhide ropes. Confucius read it over and over again, so much so that the oxhide ropes were worn out and broken several times. His spirit of diligent study is truly admirable.

　　故事二：因材施教

　　孔子有眾多弟子，每個弟子的性格、才能各不相同。子路勇敢魯莽，冉有謹(jǐn)慎膽小。有一次，子路問孔子：“聽到了就去做嗎？” 孔子回答：“有父兄在，怎么能聽到就去做呢？” 而當(dāng)冉有問同樣問題時，孔子卻回答：“聽到了就去做�！� 公西華對此感到疑惑，孔子解釋說：“子路好勝，要抑制他；冉有退縮，要鼓勵他。” 這就是孔子因材施教的體現(xiàn)。

　　英文翻譯：Confucius had numerous disciples, each with different personalities and talents. Zilu was brave and reckless, while Ran You was cautious and timid. Once, Zilu asked Confucius, "Should I act as soon as I hear of something?" Confucius replied, "With your father and elder brothers still alive, how can you act as soon as you hear?" However, when Ran You asked the same question, Confucius answered, "Act as soon as you hear." Gong Xihua was puzzled by this, and Confucius explained, "Zilu is competitive, so he needs to be restrained; Ran You is hesitant, so he needs to be encouraged." This is an example of Confucius teaching according to students aptitudes.

　　故事三：孔子學(xué)琴

　　孔子向師襄子學(xué)習(xí)彈琴，學(xué)了十天仍止步不進(jìn)。師襄子說：“可以增加學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容了。” 孔子說：“我已經(jīng)熟悉樂曲的形式，但還沒有掌握方法�！� 過了一段時間，師襄子說：“你已經(jīng)掌握方法了，可以增加學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容了。” 孔子說：“我還沒有領(lǐng)會曲子的意境。” 又過了一段時間，師襄子說：“你已經(jīng)領(lǐng)會曲子的意境了，可以增加學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容了�！� 孔子說：“我還不了解作者�！� 又過了很久，孔子仿佛看到一個人，身材高大，目光深遠(yuǎn)，若有所思，有王者風(fēng)范�？鬃诱f：“我知道作者是誰了，他就是周文王�！� 師襄子聞言，立刻起身行禮，說：“這首曲子正是《文王操》。” 孔子這種精益求精、深入探究的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度值得我們學(xué)習(xí)。

　　英文翻譯：Confucius learned to play the qin from Shi Xiangzi. After ten days of learning, he still did not progress. Shi Xiangzi said, "You can add more content to your learning." Confucius said, "I have already familiarized myself with the form of the music, but I havent mastered the method yet." After a while, Shi Xiangzi said, "You have already mastered the method. You can add more content." Confucius said, "I havent grasped the artistic conception of the piece yet." After another period of time, Shi Xiangzi said, "You have grasped the artistic conception of the piece. You can add more content." Confucius said, "I still dont know the composer." After a long time, Confucius seemed to see a person, tall, with far - reaching eyes, pensive, and having the demeanor of a king. Confucius said, "I know who the composer is. Its King Wen of Zhou." When Shi Xiangzi heard this, he immediately stood up and saluted, saying, "This piece is exactly The Melody of King Wen." Confucius learning attitude of constantly striving for perfection and in - depth exploration is worthy of our learning.

　　故事四：苛政猛于虎

　　孔子路過泰山旁邊，見到一個婦女在墳?zāi)骨翱薜煤軅�心。孔子讓子路去詢問。婦女說：“我的公公被老虎咬死了，我的丈夫也被老虎咬死了，現(xiàn)在我的兒子又被老虎咬死了�！� 孔子問：“那為什么不離開這里呢？” 婦女回答說：“這里沒有苛政。” 孔子對弟子們說：“你們記住，苛政比老虎還要兇猛可怕�！� 這個故事反映了孔子對當(dāng)時社會現(xiàn)實(shí)的批判和對百姓疾苦的同情。

　　英文翻譯：Confucius passed by the side of Mount Tai and saw a woman crying bitterly in front of a grave. Confucius asked Zilu to inquire. The woman said, "My father - in - law was killed by a tiger, my husband was also killed by a tiger, and now my son has been killed by a tiger." Confucius asked, "Then why dont you leave here?" The woman replied, "There is no harsh government here." Confucius said to his disciples, "Remember, harsh government is more ferocious and terrifying than a tiger." This story reflects Confucius criticism of the social reality at that time and his sympathy for the sufferings of the common people.

　　故事五：孔子與弟子談志向

　　有一次，孔子和他的弟子們坐在一起聊天�？鬃幼尨蠹艺�?wù)劯髯缘闹鞠�。子路率先站起來說：“我愿意把自己的車馬、衣服拿出來與朋友共享，用壞了也不抱怨。” 冉有接著說：“我希望能治理一個方圓六七十里或五六十里的小國家，使百姓富足�！� 公西華說：“我不敢說能做到什么，只是愿意學(xué)習(xí)，在宗廟祭祀或諸侯會盟時，做一個小相�！� 最后，曾皙說：“我希望在暮春時節(jié)，穿著春天的衣服，和五六個成年人、六七個小孩，到沂水里洗洗澡，在舞雩臺上吹吹風(fēng)，然后一路唱著歌回家�！� 孔子聽后，長嘆一聲說：“我贊同曾皙的想法��！” 這個故事展現(xiàn)了孔子和弟子們豐富的內(nèi)心世界以及孔子對自由、和諧生活的向往。

　　英文翻譯：Once, Confucius was sitting and chatting with his disciples. Confucius asked everyone to talk about their aspirations. Zilu stood up first and said, "I am willing to share my chariots, horses, and clothes with my friends. Even if they are worn out, I wont complain." Ran You then said, "I hope to govern a small state with a radius of sixty or seventy li, or fifty or sixty li, and make the people prosperous." Gong Xihua said, "I dont dare to say what I can do. I just want to learn and be a small assistant in ancestral temple sacrifices or meetings of feudal lords." Finally, Zeng Xi said, "I hope in late spring, wearing spring clothes, with five or six adults and six or seven children, we can take a bath in the Yi River, enjoy the breeze on the Wuyu Terrace, and then sing all the way back home." After hearing this, Confucius sighed and said, "I approve of Zeng Xis idea!" This story shows the rich inner worlds of Confucius and his disciples and Confucius yearning for a free and harmonious life.

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