同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別
在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法中,從句指復(fù)合句中不能獨(dú)立成句,但具有主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、whether、which等引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的非主句部分。以下是小編為大家整理的同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別,希望對(duì)你有所幫助!
同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別:
1、從句所修飾詞的不同。同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾詞通常是少數(shù)一些表示抽象意義的名詞,如belief , doubt , fact, hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish ,answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law ,opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。
定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以指人、物等。
例如:
He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.
他又告訴我們一個(gè)事實(shí),過(guò)渡飲酒對(duì)健康有害。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago.
我們不知道她的母親十年前是個(gè)教授。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書(shū)。(定語(yǔ)從句)
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入黨的那一天。(定語(yǔ)從句)
2. 連接詞的作用不同。連接同位語(yǔ)從句的that只起連接作用,不在從句中擔(dān)任任何句子成分。whether 和how 可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞除了連接從句的作用外,還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞是關(guān)系詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有that , which , who ,whose , whom , when , where , why , as,than, but 等。
The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.
他所想得到的消息是他是否將被派往農(nóng)村。(定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞that作從句get的賓語(yǔ)。)
Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school?
你懷疑她是否能被學(xué)校開(kāi)除嗎?(同位語(yǔ)從句)
I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake.
我不知道他的父母一聽(tīng)到他在地震中陣亡是多么悲傷!(同位語(yǔ)從句)
3. 從句作用的不同。定語(yǔ)從句具有形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn),對(duì)先行詞起修飾、限定作用,描述先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征,與先行詞之間是所屬關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句具有名詞的特點(diǎn),對(duì)中心詞作進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充解釋,是中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。
例如:
The man that you saw just now is my bother.
你剛才看到的`那個(gè)人是我的弟弟。(定語(yǔ)從句)
The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.
推遲會(huì)議的建議證明是正確得。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off.
他提出的建議推遲會(huì)議。(定語(yǔ)從句)
4. 正確理解和使用同位語(yǔ)從句,還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
A.分隔同位語(yǔ)從句:有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞被其它成分分隔開(kāi)來(lái),這種分隔主要出于修辭原因,即為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免頭重腳輕。
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep‘s clothing .
真相終于大白了,他原來(lái)是只披著羊皮的狼。
B.在某些名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句中,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式:(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形。常見(jiàn)的名詞有advice , idea , order , demand ,plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。例如:
The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted .
采納了在這里修建一座新橋的建議。
C.同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
他要來(lái)教我們英語(yǔ)的消息昨天我就聽(tīng)說(shuō)了。
(正)The message that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .
(誤)The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .
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