英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)該怎么表達(dá)未實(shí)現(xiàn)的安排和意圖
英語(yǔ)中有多種結(jié)構(gòu)可用來(lái)表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、安排和希望,現(xiàn)歸綱如下:
一 . 用“ Was / Were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或打算。例如:
1. I was going to see you last night, but the heavy rain prevented me.
昨晚我本來(lái)要來(lái)看你,但一場(chǎng)大雨使我來(lái)不了了。
2. I was going to finish my article yesterday evening, but my friend arrived, so I did not have time.
昨晚我本來(lái)打算寫完我的文章,但我的朋友來(lái)了,所以我沒(méi)時(shí)間寫完。
二 . 用“ Was / Were to + 動(dòng)詞不定式完成式”表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的安排。例如:
1. He was to have given the first talk, but he came late.
他本來(lái)要第一個(gè)發(fā)言,但他來(lái)晚了。
2. The plain was to have taken off at six, but something went wrong.
飛機(jī)本來(lái)在六點(diǎn)鐘起飛,但出了故障。
三 . 用 think, expect, suppose, hope believe 等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí),后接賓語(yǔ)從句表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望等。例如:
1. Peter had thought the plain would have taken off by the time he arrived at the airport.
彼得原以為在他到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)飛機(jī)可能已經(jīng)起飛了。
2. They had hoped that they would be able to see more of Beijing, but time didn’t permit.
他們本來(lái)希望在北京多看些地方,但時(shí)間不允許。
四 . 用 intend, want, plan, hope, expect 等動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí),后接不定式的.完成式;或用這些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成式,后接不定式一般式來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖,打算或希望等。例如:
1. I had intended / wanted / planned / expected to see you off at the airport but got there too late. = I intended / wanted / planned / expected to have seen you off, but I got there too late.
我本來(lái)要到機(jī)場(chǎng)送你,但到達(dá)那里已太遲了。
五 . 用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 不定式完成式”結(jié)構(gòu)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖,打算或希望。
1. “ should / ought to have done ”表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做到,其否定形式則表示過(guò)去不該做而實(shí)際上做了的動(dòng)作(含有責(zé)備意味)。例如:
( 1 ) You should / ought to have come here ten minutes ago.
你本應(yīng)該十分鐘以前就到這里來(lái)。
( 2 ) You shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have told him about it.
你本不該把這件事告訴他。
2. “ could have done ”表示過(guò)去可能發(fā)生但事實(shí)上未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:
( 1 ) He could have turned to her for help.
他本來(lái)可以向她求助的。
。 2 ) Of course, she could have married him.
當(dāng)然,她本來(lái)可以嫁給他的。
3. “ would have done ”表示過(guò)去想實(shí)現(xiàn)但實(shí)際上未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或要求。例如:
。 1 ) The potatoes would have been better with a bit more salt.
這些土豆要是多加點(diǎn)鹽就好吃了。
( 2 ) I would have come to say good-bye to you.
我本想來(lái)向你告別的。
4. “ should like to / would like to / would love to have done ”表示過(guò)去希望做但未做到的事。例如:
( 1 ) We’d like to have gone to see the film, but we had no time.
我們本來(lái)想去看那部電影,但沒(méi)時(shí)間。
( 2 ) We would love to have gone to the match, but the tickets were sold out.
5. “ had better + have done ”表示“最好……”。
“ would rather + have done ”表示“但愿 / 寧愿……”。例如:
( 1 ) We had better have bought the book that day.
要是我們那天買了那本書就好了。(可惜沒(méi)買)
( 2 ) I would rather have gone to the cinema.
昨晚我寧愿去看電影。(實(shí)際沒(méi)去)
六 . “ with + 賓語(yǔ)從句”常用來(lái)表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的或者不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,常譯為“可惜……”,“……就好了”,“但愿……”等。
1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,實(shí)現(xiàn)不了的愿望。賓語(yǔ)從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
I wish I were always young.
我希望我永遠(yuǎn)年輕。
I wish I knwe how to ride a bicycle.
要是我會(huì)騎自行車就好了。
2. 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。賓語(yǔ)從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
I wish I had taken his advice.
我要是接受了他的忠告就好了。
I wish you hadn’t accepted the job.
我真希望你沒(méi)有接受這項(xiàng)工作。
3. 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反,不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。賓語(yǔ)從句中用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
He wishes you would have the change to see it with your own eyes.
他希望你能夠有機(jī)會(huì)親眼看一下。
I wish it would be true.
但愿這是真的。
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