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專業(yè)英語單詞及句子翻譯

專業(yè)英語單詞及句子翻譯 | 樓主 | 2017-07-13 14:08:59 共有3個(gè)回復(fù)
  1. 1專業(yè)英語單詞及句子翻譯
  2. 2信息管理專業(yè)英語unit1-12單詞以及句子翻譯
  3. 3財(cái)務(wù)管理專業(yè)英語句子及單詞翻譯

如果讓熱量保留在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)很快被燒損,雙工通訊客戶服務(wù)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)物流信息系統(tǒng),高級(jí)語言抽象數(shù)據(jù)類型軟件的組成單元機(jī)器碼輸出碼,經(jīng)理們都是很出色的傳播者和價(jià)值塑造者避雷針能夠完成工作。

專業(yè)英語單詞及句子翻譯2017-07-13 14:07:22 | #1樓回目錄

1、電器設(shè)備:electricalequipment

2、鉸接客車:articulatedbus

3、內(nèi)燃機(jī):internalcombustionengine

4、變矩器:torqueconverter

5、差速器:differentialgear

6、傳動(dòng)軸:propellershaft

7、轉(zhuǎn)向柱:steeringcolumn

8、鋼板彈簧:leafspring

9、螺旋彈簧:coilspring

10、扭桿彈簧:torsionbar

11、連桿:connectionrod

12、上止點(diǎn):topreadcenter

13、下止點(diǎn):bottomreadcenter

14、吸氣行程:inductionstroke

15、做功行程:powerstroke

16、壓縮行程:compressionstroke

17、排氣行程:exhauststroke

18、有效容積:sweptvolume

19、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量:enginecapacity

20、轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng):steeringsystem

21、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng):powertrainsystem

22、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng):brakesystem

23、車身:automobilebody

24、底盤:chassis

25、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī):engine

26、電氣系統(tǒng):electricalsystem

27、壓縮比:compressionratio

28、氣缸體:cylinderblock

29、氣缸蓋:cylinderhead

30、頂置凸輪:overhead-cam

31、灰鑄鐵:grayiron

32、碳鋼:carbonsteel

33、鋁合金:aluminumalloy

34、進(jìn)氣總管:internalmanifold

35、曲軸箱:crankcase

36、活塞環(huán)(銷):pistonring(pin)

37、切向力:tangentialforce

38、徑向力:radialforce

39、氣缸壁:cylinderwall

40、氣缸筒:cylinderbore

41、往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng):reciprocatingmotion

42、點(diǎn)火次序:firingorder

43、人造橡膠:elastomer

44、合成橡膠:syntheticrubber45、氣門間隙:valveclearance46、凸輪挺趕:camfollower47、氣門正時(shí):valvetiming48、進(jìn)氣門:intakevalve49、排氣門:exhaustvalve50、電子式氣閥控制:electronicvalvecontrol51、頂置凸輪軸:overheadcamshaft52、齒輪帶:cog-typebelt

1、有些零件使汽車更舒服或更美觀,但其中大多數(shù)是使汽車行駛。

Someofpartsmakethecarmorecomfortableorbetterlooking,butlotsofthemmakethecarrun.

2、用手工檢查氣缸壓縮情況時(shí),除了正在檢查的氣缸外,應(yīng)卸掉其它各缸的火花塞。

Tocheckthecompressionbyhand,driveoutthesparkplugsfromallthecylinderbuttheonebeingchecked.

3、如果讓熱量保留在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)很快被燒損。

Iftheheatisallowedtoremainintheengine,itwouldsoondestroyit.

4、動(dòng)力通過傳動(dòng)系從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)傳遞到車輪,從而車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),汽車行駛。

Thepoweriscarriedfromtheenginethroughthedrivingwheelssothatthewheelsturnandthecarmove.

5、用手工檢查氣缸壓縮情況時(shí),除了正在檢查的氣缸外,應(yīng)卸掉其它氣缸的火花塞。

Tocheckthecompressionbyhanddriveoutthesparkplugsfromallthecylinderbuttheonebeingchecked.

6、需要一些附件將工作部件連成一體或協(xié)助主要工作部件工作。

Theauxiliarypartsarenecessarytoholdtheworkingpartstogetherortohelptheprimaryworkingpartsintheirperformance.

7、無論哪種情況,缸體本身許多部件鑄在缸體之內(nèi)或附裝在缸體之上。Inanycase,theblockitselfhasmanycomponentscastintoitorassembledontoit.

8、已研制出一種可變壓縮比活塞,這種活塞能改善啟動(dòng)性能,使怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)更好,并提高每立方英寸排量的輸出功率。

Onekindofvariablecompressionratiopistonhasbeendevelopedcanimprovestartingbetteridlingandimproveoutputpercubicinchofdisplacement.

9、連桿通常用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材制成,其桿身兩端為環(huán)形,而環(huán)形頭部分別稱為大頭和小頭,并分別把連桿連接到曲柄軸頸和活塞銷上。

Theconnectingrodisusuallymadefromahighqualitysteelinthefromofabarwithring-shapedheadsatitsends,theendsbeingknownastheconnectingrodbigtothecrankshaftjournalendthepistonpinrespecting.

10、汽車制造商們總是盡力來滿足顧客對(duì)汽車設(shè)計(jì)及生產(chǎn)方面的各種要求。

Automotivemanufacturershavealwaystriedtomeettheircustomrequirementsforautodesignsandproductions.

11、為了發(fā)展我國(guó)的汽車工業(yè),我們不僅應(yīng)該引進(jìn)國(guó)外的資金,還應(yīng)該引進(jìn)國(guó)外的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。

Todeveloptheautoindustryofourcountry,wemustintroducenotonlyforeignfundsbutalsotheadvancedscienceandtechnologyfromtheircountries.

12、汽車零部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化為汽車的大規(guī)模流水生產(chǎn)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)基矗

Thestandardizationofautocomponentslaidthesolidfoundationformanufacturingcarsontheassemblyline.

13、大街上跑的那些汽車其風(fēng)格樣式是如此繁多,所以你簡(jiǎn)直想象不出一百年前的汽車是什么樣的。

Theautomobilesnowrunningonstreetsaresovariousinstyleanddesignthatyouhardlyimaginewhatitlookedlikeonehundredyearsago.

14、德國(guó)卡爾本茨于1886年制造出第一輛用內(nèi)燃機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車。

In1886,KarlBenzfromGermanybuiltthefirstcardrivenbyaninternalcombustionengine.

15、但是不管汽車型號(hào)有多么不同,汽車構(gòu)造上是基本相同的,換言之,任何汽車都是由四部分組成的,如發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身及電器系統(tǒng)。

Buthoweverdifferenttheautomodelsare,automobilesarebasicallythesameinstructure.Inotherwords,anyautomobileismadeoffourpartssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.

信息管理專業(yè)英語unit1-12單詞以及句子翻譯2017-07-13 14:08:38 | #2樓回目錄

專業(yè)英語

一、專業(yè)術(shù)語

RFID射頻識(shí)別IOT物聯(lián)網(wǎng)CloudComputing云計(jì)算ANN神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)BI商業(yè)智能E-busine/Web-busine/e-commerce電子商務(wù)KM知識(shí)管理GIS地理信息系統(tǒng)PDA掌上電腦Bluetooth藍(lán)牙技術(shù)CAD計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)

CMD計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制作branchmanager部門經(jīng)理binaryformat二進(jìn)制格式USB(UniversalSerialBus)通用串行總線computercase計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)箱temporarystorageofinformation臨時(shí)存儲(chǔ)信息floppydisk軟盤CD-ROM只讀光盤textual源代碼videocard視頻卡,顯卡soundcard音頻卡,聲卡

DVD數(shù)字化視頻光盤SISP戰(zhàn)略信息系統(tǒng)計(jì)劃ProjectManagement項(xiàng)目管理HumanResources人力資源End-UserSystemsDevelopment最終用戶系統(tǒng)開發(fā)rollingbusineplans流動(dòng)業(yè)務(wù)計(jì)劃MIS(managementinformationsystem)管理信息系統(tǒng)DB(database)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)DBMS(databaseManagementsystem)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)DSS(decisionsupportsystem)決策支持系統(tǒng)operationalmanager運(yùn)營(yíng)經(jīng)理Seniormanager高級(jí)經(jīng)理semi-structureddecision半結(jié)構(gòu)化決策

ANS(AdvancedNetwork&Service)高級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)及服務(wù)公司

TPS(TransactionProcessingsystems)事務(wù)管理系統(tǒng)

KWS(KnowledgeWorkSystems)只是工作系統(tǒng)GRASP繪制機(jī)器人技術(shù)應(yīng)用軟件包OAS(OfficeAutomationSystems)辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)

ESS(ExecutiveSupportSystems)經(jīng)理支持系統(tǒng)

EIS(ExecutiveInformationSystems)經(jīng)理信息系統(tǒng)

OLAP(on-lineanalyticalprocessing)聯(lián)機(jī)分析處理

GIS(GroupInformationSystems)集群信息系統(tǒng)

GDSS(GroupDecisionSupportSystems)集群決策支持系統(tǒng)

MIT(ManagementInformationtechnology)管理信息技術(shù)

RAD(rapidapplicationdevelopment)快速應(yīng)用開發(fā)

Two-waycommunications雙工通訊client-serverenvironment客戶服務(wù)環(huán)境Datawarehouse數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)logisticsinformationsystems物流信息系統(tǒng)

ERP(Enterpriseresourceplanning)企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃

CRM(customerrelationshipManagement)客戶關(guān)系管理

OOD(Object-Orienteddesign)面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)

OOP(Object0OrientedProgramming)面向?qū)ο缶幊?/p>

HLLs(HighLevelLanguages)高級(jí)語言ADTs(AbstractDataTypes)抽象數(shù)據(jù)類型SoftwareIcs軟件的組成單元machinecode機(jī)器碼op-code輸出碼

EDI(ElectronicDatainterchange)電子數(shù)據(jù)交換

SMEs(smallandmediumsizedenterprises)中小企業(yè)

B2B企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)電子商務(wù)B2C企業(yè)對(duì)用戶電子商務(wù)

CERT(CharacterErrorRateTester)字符出錯(cuò)率測(cè)試器

CIAS(CommunicationLinkAnalyzerSystem)通信鏈路分析系統(tǒng)

IMS(InformationManagementSystem)管理信息系統(tǒng)

NDMS(NetwareDataManagementSystem)網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)管理系統(tǒng)

1

二、翻譯

Unit1

1.Managementistheattainmentoforganizationalgoalsinaneffectiveandefficientmannerthroughplanning,organizing,leading,andcontrollingorganizationalresources.

管理是組織目標(biāo)通過計(jì)劃、組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、控制組織資源實(shí)現(xiàn)的有效方式。

2.Planningdefineswheretheorganizationwantstobeinthefutureandhowtogetthere.計(jì)劃決定了組織將來的發(fā)展方向和實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。

http://www.zzlgroo.com anizationfailurecanoccurwhenmanagersarenotseriousaboutcontrolorlackcontrolinformation.

組織的失敗往往在管理人員不認(rèn)真對(duì)待控制或缺乏控制的信息時(shí)發(fā)生。

4.Theultimateresponsibilityofmanagersistoachievehighperformance,whichistheattainmentoforganizationalgoalsbyusingresourcesinanefficientandeffectivemanner.

管理人員的最終責(zé)任是獲得高業(yè)績(jī),這是組織目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種有效的利用資源和有效的方式。

5.Thereareno“peopleless”organizations,somanagersmustlearnhowtomotivate,leadandcommunicate;theymustalsounderstandinterpersonalrelationsandthebehaviorofgroupsofpeople.

沒有任何“peopleless”組織,所以經(jīng)理們必須學(xué)會(huì)如何激勵(lì)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和交流,他們也必須理解人際關(guān)系和各種人群的行為。

6.Managersareexcellentcommunicatorsandvalueshapers,lightningrodstogetthejobdone.經(jīng)理們都是很出色的傳播者和價(jià)值塑造者,避雷針能夠完成工作。

7.Itisnowapparentthatoverlycentralized,excessivelylayered,andrigidorganizationalstructuresarenotalwayseffectiveorefficient.

過于集中、過度分層、剛性的組織結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在很明顯并不總是有效或高效的。

8.Amanagerfrequentlyremindshisorhermanagementteamofthecompany’sgoalsandhowwellthosegoalsarebeingachieved.

一個(gè)管理者會(huì)經(jīng)常提醒他或她的管理團(tuán)隊(duì),公司的目標(biāo),以及如何做好已達(dá)成這些目標(biāo)。

9.Strategicplanningistheproceofdevelopingandanalyzingtheorganization’smission,overallgoals,generalstrategies,andallocatingresources.

戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃是發(fā)展和分析組織的使命、總體目標(biāo)、總體戰(zhàn)略、和分配資源的過程。

10.Thepurposeoftheorganizingfunctionistomakethebestuseoftheorganization’sresourcestoachieveorganizationalgoals.

組織功能的目的是最充分地利用組織的資源以實(shí)現(xiàn)組織目標(biāo)。

Unit2

1.Asusedinabroadersense,statisticsreferstothestatisticaltoolsusedtocollect,present,

analyze,andinterpretdataforthepurposeofmakingmoreeffectivedecisions.

廣泛的意義上說,統(tǒng)計(jì)是指用來收集統(tǒng)計(jì)工具,呈現(xiàn)、分析和理解數(shù)據(jù)的,目的都是為了做更多有效的決策。

2.Statisticalthinkingisnecessarynotonlyforefficientcitizenship,butalsoforeffective

decisionmakinginvariousfacetsofbusiness.

統(tǒng)計(jì)思想是很必要的,不僅是因?yàn)橛行У墓裆矸?也是為在商業(yè)諸多方面做的有效決策

3.W.EdwardsDeming,notedstatisticianandqualitycontrolexpert,insistedthatweshouldstart

statisticseducationbeforehighschool.

W.愛德華茲·戴明提到統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家和質(zhì)量控制專家,他堅(jiān)持我們應(yīng)該在讀高中之前接受統(tǒng)計(jì)教育

2

4.Justasattorneyshave“rulesofevidence”andaccountantshave“commonlyaccepted

practices”,personsdealingwithnumericaldatafollowsomestandardguidelines.

就像律師有“證據(jù)規(guī)則”會(huì)計(jì)有“被公認(rèn)的慣例”人們處理數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)也會(huì)遵循一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的指導(dǎo)方針

5.Massesofunorganizednumericaldata,suchasthecensusofpopulation,areoflittlevalueas

is,however,statisticaltechniquesareavailabletoorganizethistypeofdataintoameaningfulform.

大量的沒有被組織的數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù),就像全體居民的人口普查一樣,幾乎是沒有意義的,然而統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)對(duì)于組織這種類型的數(shù)據(jù)使其轉(zhuǎn)換成有意義的形式是可行的。

6.Toinfersomethingaboutapopulation,weusuallytakeasamplefromthepopulation.為了從人口數(shù)中得出某些結(jié)論,我們通常會(huì)從人口數(shù)中取出一個(gè)樣本

7.Muchoftheappealofstatisticalmethodisthattheyallowustodescribe,predict,and

sometimescontroltheworldaroundus.

大多數(shù)呼吁的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法是他們?cè)试S我們來描述、預(yù)測(cè),有時(shí)控制我們周圍的世界。

http://www.zzlgroo.com rmationdevelopedthroughtheuseofstatisticshasenhancedourstudyingofhowlife

works,helpeduslearnabouteachother,allowcontroloversomesocietalissues,andhelpedindividualsmakeinformeddecisions.

通過利用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的方式開發(fā)信息,可以增強(qiáng)我們對(duì)于生命是如何運(yùn)作的學(xué)習(xí),幫助我們更多地了解對(duì)方,允許控制一些社會(huì)問題,并有助于人們做出明智的決定。

9.Arepresentativesamplecanbeusedtomakeinferencesaboutalargerpopulation,but

descriptivestatisticsaretheonlyusefulresultsforanunrepresentativesample.

一個(gè)具有代表性的樣本可以用來推測(cè)更大范圍的人群,但是對(duì)于一個(gè)不具有代表性的樣本來說,描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)是唯一有用的成果

10.Whentheindividualsmeasuredconstitutethewholepopulation,thereisnoneedforstatistical

inferencebecausethetruthisknown.

當(dāng)個(gè)人測(cè)量構(gòu)成完整的人口,就不需要統(tǒng)計(jì)推論,因?yàn)檎嫦嗍且阎?/p>

Unit3

1.Allinformation,fromtrainschedulestodiscount-pricegoods,willbeascloseasthepreofa

key

所有信息,從火車時(shí)刻表到折扣價(jià)商品,將會(huì)越來越接近新聞媒體的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵.

2.Thechildrenhaveahappyenvironmentatschool.

孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校有一個(gè)快樂的環(huán)境

3.Themanufacturerinvoicedourcompanyfortwotypewriters.

這個(gè)廠家給我們公司開了兩臺(tái)打字機(jī)的發(fā)票

4.Myaccountsbalanceforthefirsttimethisyear!

這是我今年第一次收支平衡

5.TheEiffelTowerisoneofthemostfamousstructuresintheworld.

艾菲爾鐵塔是世界上最著名的建筑物之一

6.Pleaseprogramthecomputertodothejobinsteadofmanualoperation.

請(qǐng)給電腦編制一個(gè)程序,以此代替手工操作

7.Thebinarysystemofnumbersisusedindigitalcomputers.

二進(jìn)制數(shù)字系統(tǒng)常常在數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)中被使用

3

8.Themotherboardismainboardofacomputer,usuallycontainingthecircuitryforthecentral

processingunit,keyboard,andmonitorandoftenhavingslotsforacceptingadditionalcircuitry.

主板是計(jì)算機(jī)的主要部分,通常包括含有電路的中央處理單元、鍵盤、監(jiān)控和為了接受額外的電路所安置的插槽

9.Programmersusetheterm“datastructures”todescribevariouswaystoorganizedatawithina

program.

程序員使用術(shù)語“數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)”來描述在一個(gè)程序里通過各種方法來組織數(shù)據(jù)

10.Atwhatratedoesthedollarconvertintopounds?

美元以什么匯率兌換成英鎊?

Unit4

1.Theresearchprojecthasonlybeenunderwayforthreemonths,soit’stooearlytoevaluateits

success.

這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了不到三個(gè)月,所以對(duì)它的成績(jī)作出評(píng)價(jià)為時(shí)尚早。

2.Thefirmdecidedtocomputerizeitswagesdepartment.

公司決定使用電腦來處理發(fā)薪部門的工作

3.ThebogavemesomanyinstructionsatonetimethatIgotmuddledup.

老板一下子給了我那么多指示,把我弄得糊里糊涂

4.Heisn’tparticularlycleverbutindustrious.

他并不特別聰明,但很勤奮。

5.Newsettlerscameinincreasingnumbers.

新的移民越來越多

6.Thelocallibraryisavaluableresource.

當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館是個(gè)寶貴的資源

7.Thecommitteediscussedstrategicmarketingfactors.

委員會(huì)討論了戰(zhàn)略營(yíng)銷的因素

8.Thesedifficultiesarecausedbynaturaldisasters.

這些困難都是由自然災(zāi)害造成的

9.Therearethreeoptionsopentousinthatmatter.

關(guān)于那件事情我們有三種選擇

10.Thisinformationwillbeleconfusingifit’sproducedintabularform.

如果是產(chǎn)生于表格形式,信息將很少會(huì)被混淆

Unit5

1.Thelowestlevelmanagercanacceonlythedatathatheneedsathislevel.

經(jīng)理能存取的最低水平,只有在他的水平上所需要的數(shù)據(jù)。

http://www.zzlgroo.com cisionSupportisanewUniversityfunctiondesignedtosupportaccess,integrationand

deliveryofadministrativedata.

決策支持系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)是一種新的大學(xué)功能設(shè)計(jì)用以支持訪問、集成和實(shí)施的行政數(shù)據(jù)

http://www.zzlgroo.com cisionSupportisalsoresponsiblefortransitionofdatafromUniversitymainframesto

serversoverthenext5yearsandfortheexistingInformationWarehouse.

決策支持也負(fù)責(zé)在未來的5年里從大學(xué)向服務(wù)器主機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)換和現(xiàn)有信息倉(cāng)庫(kù)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換。

4

4.Theprimaryjoboftheuseisinthedefinitionanddiscoveryofinformationusedindecision

making.

主要工作的用途是將定義并發(fā)現(xiàn)的信息用于決策。

5.Ifclientprofileinformationisavailable,servicescanbemoreeasilytailoredtotheclient.如果客戶端剖面的信息是可得到的,服務(wù)可以更容易定制到客戶端

6.ModernMarketingtechniquescanbeusedtoattractandretainclients.

現(xiàn)代營(yíng)銷技術(shù)可以用于吸引和留住客戶

7.Riskassessmentoftheprojectscanbedeterminedbeforetheprojectisbegun.

項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估能夠在項(xiàng)目開始前被確定。

8.SharingthesameconceptsofaDSS,anESSfocusesmoreintheend-userrequirementof

maximuminteractivityanduser-friendlyness.

共享一個(gè)DSS的相同概念,一個(gè)ESS更多的關(guān)注于最終用戶的最大互動(dòng)性需求和用戶友好性

9.TheGDSSstaredoriginallyfromtheManagementInformationSystematUniversityof

Arizona.

GDSS最初起源于亞利桑那大學(xué)的管理信息系統(tǒng)。

10.Artificialintelligenceisthestudyofhowtomakecomputersdothingswhich,atthemoment,

peopledobetter.

人工智能是研究如何讓電腦做一些事情,在那個(gè)時(shí)刻,人們做得更好

Unit6

1.ERPattemptstointegratealldepartmentsandfunctionsacroacompanyontoasingle

computersystemthatcanserveallthosedifferentdepartments’particularneeds.

ERP試圖整合各部門和功能在一個(gè)公司,在一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的系統(tǒng),這個(gè)系統(tǒng)可以為所有這些不同部門的特別需求

2.Peopledon’tliketochangehowtheydotheirjobs.ThatiswhythevalueofERPissohardto

pindown.

人們不喜歡改變他們?nèi)绾瓮瓿伤麄兊墓ぷ鳌_@就是為什么ERP是如此的價(jià)值硬扣下來

3.TogetthemostfromtheERPsoftware,youhavetogetpeopleinsideyourcompanytoadopt

theworkmethodsoutlinedinthesoftware.

最大限度地從中獲取收益的ERP軟件,你必須讓人們?cè)谀銈児镜那闆r下,采用工作某市軟件

4.EvenifacompanyinstallsERPsoftwarefortheso-calledrightreasonsandeveryonecan

agreeontheoptimaldefinitionofacustomer,theinherentdifficultiesofimplementingsomethingascomplexasERPisliketeachinganelephanttodothehootchy-kootchy.

即使一家公司ERP軟件安裝的所謂正確的原因,每個(gè)人都能同意的最佳的定義的客戶,固有困難的事情,就像復(fù)雜,因?yàn)閷?shí)施ERP是像教大象來跳肚皮舞

5.ERPhelpsthemanufacturingproceflowmoresmoothly,anditimprovesvisibilityofthe

orderfulfillmentproceinsidethecompany.

ERP幫助制造流程更平穩(wěn),提高了知名度的訂單,公司內(nèi)部的實(shí)施過程。

6.Don’texpecttorevolutionizeyourbusinewithERP.Itisanavel-gazingexercisethat

focusesonoptimizingthewaythingsaredoneinternallyratherthanoncustomers,suppliersorpartners.

不要期望徹底改變你的業(yè)務(wù)與ERP。這是一個(gè)紙上談兵的鍛煉方式,著重在優(yōu)化所內(nèi)部而不是對(duì)客戶、供應(yīng)商或合作伙伴

5

7.Needletosay,themovetoERPisaprojectofbreathtakingscope,andthepricetagsonthe

frontendareenoughtomakethemostplacidCFOalittletwitchy.

不用說,搬到ERP是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的驚人的范圍,而且價(jià)格標(biāo)簽的前端,足以使最平靜的CFO有點(diǎn)謹(jǐn)慎

8.WehavetreatedERPsasprojects,withtheassumptionthatsomedaytheprojectswouldend.

Butanenterprisesystemisnotaproject.It’sawayoflife.

我們我們把ERPS看成是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,并揚(yáng)言說,總有一天會(huì)結(jié)束的項(xiàng)目。但是一個(gè)企業(yè)制度不是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它是一種生活方式

9.EvenifanorganizationcoulddeclarefinalvictoryonimplementationofERPs,many

additionalyearscouldbespentingettingrealbusinevaluefromthem.

即使一個(gè)組織可以宣布最后的勝利的實(shí)現(xiàn)策略,許多額外的年電位差,就可以用來獲得真正的商業(yè)價(jià)值

10.Justascourtshipsandhoneymoonsaredifferentfrommarriages,livingwithERPsystemswill

bedifferentfrominstallingthem.

正如求愛和蜜月不同于婚姻的生活,ERP系統(tǒng)將是不同于安裝他們

Unit7

1.Structuraldesigngivesasystemthelong-termstablestructurethatcanreducediscoverycosts,localizemaintenancework,andprovideafoundationforreuse.

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了一種系統(tǒng)的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu),可以減少成本,定位發(fā)現(xiàn)維修工作,并提供了基礎(chǔ),再使用

2.Ibelievetherearesomesimplewaystointegratethefunctionalandstructuralview.

我相信有這里有一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法來整合的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)的觀點(diǎn)

3.Mostpopularprogramminglanguagesuseclassesastheirbasicbuildingblock.

最流行的編程語言使用類為基本積木

4.Classesarethefoundationofobject-basedandobject-orientedprogramminginC++.統(tǒng)整課程的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),是面向?qū)ο缶幊讨?C++

5.Ithinkthistendencytohierarchycomesfromourneedtoorganize—andthat’sfine—butIthinkitgoestoofarinmostpopularprogramminglanguageswork.

我覺得這個(gè)傾向是來自我們的需要層次的fine-butorganize-and,我認(rèn)為它走得太遠(yuǎn)在最流行的編程語言的工作

6.Westarttoreducecomplexitybygroupingobjectstogetherintoclasses,whichisinaccordancewithhowmostpopularprogramminglanguageswork.

我們開始減少?gòu)?fù)雜性組織賓語聯(lián)合成類別,是依照最流行的編程語言如何工作

7.Theseprogramminglanguagesarepopularbecausetheyareefficient.

這些編程語言很受歡迎,因?yàn)樗麄兪怯行У?/p>

8.Becauserolesareclosertoobjects,theyareclosertothestructureofUseCasesthanclassesare.因?yàn)榻巧絹碓浇咏锲?他們更接近結(jié)構(gòu)比類的用例

9.Hierarchyhasbecomeanimportantabstractiontoolinmanydesignparadigms.

抽象層次已成為一個(gè)重要的工具,在許多的設(shè)計(jì)范例

11.Object-orientedprogramhasbecomethedominantprogrammingstyleinthesoftware

industryoverthelast10yearsorso.

面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛞殉蔀橹鲗?dǎo)的編程風(fēng)格在軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)在過去的10年左右

Unit8

1.ThegeneralprincipleinDataFlowDiagrammingisthatasystemcanbedecomposedinto

subsystems,andsubsystemscanbedecomposedintolowerlevelsubsystems,andsoon.

在數(shù)據(jù)流的一般原則是一種畫圖可以分解成子系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng),子系統(tǒng)可以分解成低等級(jí)的子系統(tǒng),等等

2.Dataentersthesystemfromtheenvironment;dataflowsbetweenprocesseswithinthesystem;

anddataisproducedasoutputfromthesystem.

數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)入系統(tǒng),從環(huán)境、數(shù)據(jù)流之間的內(nèi)部過程系統(tǒng);以及數(shù)據(jù)所做的輸出從系統(tǒng)

3.SSADMhasbeenusedbythegovernmentincomputingsinceitslaunchin1981.

SSADM一直被用作政府在計(jì)算自發(fā)布以來于1981年

4.SSADMrevolvesaroundtheuseofthreekeytechniques,namelyLogicalDataModeling,

DataFlowModelingandEntity/EventModeling.

圍繞著SSADM使用3個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),即邏輯數(shù)據(jù)建模、數(shù)據(jù)流程建模和實(shí)體/事件建模

5.TheRADapproachhasbeenusedsuccessfullyinmanyorganizationsandiscurrentlygaining

moreformalsupportwiththeadventofDSDM(DynamicSystemsDevelopmentMethod,DSDMConsortium,1995),aframeworkforRAD.

方法的RAD已經(jīng)成功地應(yīng)用在許多組織,目前正獲得更正式的支持的到來,DSDM(動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)方法,聯(lián)合體,1995),DSDM框架紅的

6.Themodelisthebasisofthemethodology’sviewoftheworld,e.g.theWaterfallandSpiral

modelsofInformationSystemsEngineering.

該模型為基礎(chǔ)的方法論的角度來看這個(gè)世界,它的例句。瀑布和螺旋模型的信息系統(tǒng)工程

7.ThescopeofamethodologydefinesitsstartandendpointswithintheISElifecycle.

一種方法論,它的范圍定義其起始點(diǎn)和終止點(diǎn)在伊的生命周期

8.TheSDLCisbasedupontwoprinciples:dividingprojectsintophases,andusingwritten

documentationandapprovalstomaintaincontrol.

在同步數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制規(guī)程(SDLC取決于兩個(gè)原則:劃分成不同階段,并利用項(xiàng)目的書面文件和審批維持控制

9.Rapidresponsemethodologiesareclearlyborneoutoftheneedforamethodologythatis

flexibleandusr-involvedwithashortimplementationschedule,yetretainscriticalcontrolsthatdonotslowdowntheprocess.

快速反應(yīng)的方法都有明確的證明了需要的一種方法是靈活的,usr-involved與短實(shí)施進(jìn)度,但又保留關(guān)鍵的控制系統(tǒng),就不要遲慢的過程

10.TheSDLCincludestenphasesduringwhichdefinedITworkproductsarecreatedor

modified.

在同步數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制規(guī)程(SDLC階段,在此期間,包括十定義其工作產(chǎn)品是創(chuàng)建或修改。Unit9

1.Abasicunderstandingofcomputernetworksisrequisiteinordertounderstandtheprinciples

ofnetworksecurity.

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本理解是必需品,以了解原則的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全

2.TheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)OpenSystemInterconnect(OSI)Reference

Modeldefinessevenlayersofcommunicationstypes,andtheinterfacesamongthem.

國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(ISO)開放系統(tǒng)互連(OSI)參考模型定義了7層的通信接口類型,和在他們中間

3.InorderforyouandItotalkwhenwe’reoutofearshot,weneedadevicelikeatelephone.為了讓你和我說話時(shí),我們走到,我們需要一個(gè)設(shè)備就像打了一個(gè)電話。

4.Thekeytobuildingasecurenetworkistodefinewhatsecuritymeanstoyourorganization.建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵所在是為了定義一個(gè)安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全意味著什么對(duì)你的組織

5.AsimplenetworkcanbeconstructedusingthesameprotocolsandsuchthattheInternetuses

withoutactuallyconnectingittoanythingelse.

建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵所在是為了定義一個(gè)安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全意味著什么對(duì)你的組織

6.TheInternetismadeupofawidevarietyofhosts,fromsupercomputerstopersonal

computers,includingeveryimaginabletypeofhardwareandsoftware.

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是由各種各樣的主機(jī),從超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)到個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī),包括各種類型的硬件和軟件

7.UDP(UserDatagramProtocol)isasimpletransport-layerprotocol.

UDP(用戶數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)議)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的transport-layer協(xié)議

8.Afirewallissimplyagroupofcomponentsthatcollectivelyformabarrierbetweenan

organization’sintranetandtheInternet.

防火墻是簡(jiǎn)單的一組部件之間的障礙,集體形式組織的局域網(wǎng)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

9.Routerisaspecialpurposecomputerforconnectingnetworkstogether.

路由器是一種特殊用途的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接在一起

10.Ifmodemacceistobeprovided,Dial-BackSystemsshouldbeguardedcarefully.如果接入調(diào)制解調(diào)器是,提供Dial-Back制度,應(yīng)小心看守

Unit10

http://www.zzlgroo.com rmationisneededtoaccountforthegeneralbudgetaryrequirementsandfundreporting.

需要信息占總體預(yù)算要求和基金的報(bào)告

2.Thewholepurposeofadatabaseistherepresentationofthephysicalworld.Theaccuracyof

therepresentationdependsonthedesignofthedatabasesystem.

一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的唯一目的是表現(xiàn)的物質(zhì)世界。代表的準(zhǔn)確性取決于設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)

3.Managementrequiresdetaildata.Managementneedstoknowwhyaparticularindicatoristhe

valuethatithas.

管理要求明細(xì)資料。管理需要知道為什么一個(gè)特定的指標(biāo)是它所具有的價(jià)值

4.Thefilesystemthatcomeswithyourcomputerisaveryprimitivekinkofdatabase

managementsystem.

文件系統(tǒng)是有你的計(jì)算機(jī)是一種非常原始的糾結(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)。

5.Onefacetofadatabasemanagementsystemisprocessinginserts,updates,anddeletes.

其中一個(gè)方面的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng),是處理插入,更新和刪除

6.InSQL,theprogrammersays“Iwantdatathatmeetthefollowingcriteria”andtheRDBMS

queryplannerfiguresouthowtogetit.

在SQL,程序員說“我要符合下列條件的數(shù)據(jù),這些數(shù)據(jù)查詢規(guī)劃師”與RDBMS想出如何得到它

7.Arelationaldatabaseisabigspreadsheetthatseveralpeoplecanupdatesimultaneously.

關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是一個(gè)很大的試算表,這幾個(gè)人就能更新,同時(shí)進(jìn)行

8.Problemsthataredifficultinimperativecomputerlanguagescanbeverysimpleina

declarativelanguagesuchasSQLandviceversa.

在必要的問題有困難可以非常簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算機(jī)語言在聲明性語言如SQL,反之亦然

9.ThemostpracticaldatabasemanagementsoftwareforWebsitesisarelationaldatabase

managementsystemwithafull-textindexer.

最實(shí)用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理軟件的網(wǎng)站是一個(gè)關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)和全文搜索速率

10.Ifyoucanprogramaspreadsheet,youcanprogramanRDBMSinSQL.

如果你可以計(jì)劃一個(gè)表格,你可以計(jì)劃一個(gè)RDBMS,在SQL

Unit11

1.Thescientificmanagementmethodhasbroughtaboutmanychangesinfactoryproduction.

科學(xué)管理方法為工廠生產(chǎn)帶來了很多改變

2.Canyoudistinguishbetweenthosetwokindsofmanagements?

你能區(qū)分哪兩種管理嗎?

3.Projectmanagementismission-orientedandisdifferentfromthegeneralmanagementof

cooperation.

項(xiàng)目管理是面向任務(wù)的,它不同于一般的企業(yè)管理

4.Abusinecan`tdowellwithoutgoodmanagement.

沒有好的管理生意是不可能做好的

5.Thisisagovernment-fundedirrigationproject.

這是由政府出資的灌溉工程

6.Thisprojectorganizationwasdismissedwhenthemissionwasaccomplished.

當(dāng)這個(gè)任務(wù)完成后,項(xiàng)目組就解散

7.She`sverycapableandhasbecomequiteindispensabletothecompany.

她很能干已經(jīng)成為公司里少不了的人了.

8.Thetime,laborandcostrequiredforthewholeprojectmaybelethantheestimates.

整個(gè)工程需要的時(shí)間,人工費(fèi)用也許比估計(jì)的要少些.

9.Projectmanagementandgeneralmanagementofbusinesharemanysimilarities.

項(xiàng)目管理和一般的企業(yè)管理有很多的共同點(diǎn).

10.Fundsareessentialtothecompletionoftheproject.

資金對(duì)于項(xiàng)目的完成十分重要.

Unit12

1.Electroniccommerceisemergingconceptthatdescribestheproceofbuyingandsellingofexchangingofproducts,services,andinformationviacomputernetworksincludingtheInternet.電子商務(wù)是一種新的概念,它描述了通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(包括Internet),進(jìn)行買賣、交換商品、服務(wù)與信息的過程。

2.Electroniccommerceenablesmoreindividualstoworkathomeandtodoletravelingforshopping,resultinginletrafficontheroadandlowerairpollution.

電子商務(wù)使更多的個(gè)人能夠在家工作并且做較少的旅行購(gòu)物,這使得道路交通更通暢,空氣污染程度也更低。

3.Theadventofsailingshipsinancienttimes,themorerecentinventionoftheprintingpress,thesteamengine,andthetelephoneallchangedthewayinwhichpeopleconductedcommerceactivities.

古代帆船的出現(xiàn)和以后的一些發(fā)明,如印刷術(shù)、蒸汽機(jī)以及電話等都改變著人們處理商業(yè)交易的方式。

4.AlthoughE-commercehasincreasedthespeedofdeliveryanddispersionofcommercialproductsandservices,therearecertainthingsitcannotimproveorchange.

盡管電子商務(wù)提高了配送商品與服務(wù)的速度,但對(duì)有些商品的銷售,電子商務(wù)則無能為力。

5.AnintranetiscorporatenetworkthatfunctionswithInternettechnologies,suchasbrowsers,usinginternetprotocols.

內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)是企業(yè)組織內(nèi)部網(wǎng),它使用Internet技術(shù),諸如瀏覽器與Internet協(xié)議。

6.Electroniccommerceissharingbusineinformation,maintainingbusinerelationships,andconductingtransactionsbymeansoftelecommunicationsnetworks.

電子商務(wù)通過電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享商業(yè)信息,保持商務(wù)關(guān)系,并且進(jìn)行商業(yè)交易。

7.Thegrowthofelectroniccommercewilldependonbetterpaymentsystemsandmostimportantly,theconfidenceofconsumersintheWeb’ssecurity.

電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展將依賴更好的付費(fèi)系統(tǒng),更為重要的是,顧客對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的信心。

8.Virtualtravelagencieswillofferyoualmostalltheservicesyouwillfindinaconventionaltravelagency,rangingfrominformationtoreservationandpurchasingofticketsforyourtrips,accommodationsandentertainment.

虛擬旅行中介能夠提供幾乎所有傳統(tǒng)旅行中介可以提供的服務(wù),從有關(guān)旅行的信息,到預(yù)約和購(gòu)買旅行所需的門票、住宿及娛樂。

http://www.zzlgroo.com ernetelectroniccommerceprovidescustomerswiththechancetocustomizemanyoftheproductsorservicesofferedbymerchants.

因特網(wǎng)電子商務(wù)為用戶提供定制由商人提供的大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。

10.Electroniccommerceisverymuchseenasthecoredriverbehindthedevelopmentoftheinformationeconomy,andisthesourceofmanyofthebenefits.

電子商務(wù)更多被視為躲在信息經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展后面的核心驅(qū)動(dòng)力,是大多數(shù)利潤(rùn)的來源。

財(cái)務(wù)管理專業(yè)英語句子及單詞翻譯2017-07-13 14:06:39 | #3樓回目錄

Financialmanagementisanintegrateddecision-makingproceconcernedwithacquiring,financing,andmanagingassetstoaccomplishsomeoverallgoalwithinabusineentity.

財(cái)務(wù)管理是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)公司總體目標(biāo)而進(jìn)行的涉及到獲娶融資和資產(chǎn)管理的綜合決策過程。

Decisionsliabilitiesinvolvingrefertoaworkingfirm’scapitalshort-termmanagement.assetsand決斷涉及一個(gè)公司的短期的資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債提到營(yíng)運(yùn)資金管理

Theright-handfirm’ http://www.zzlgroo.com cisionsconcernthe該公司的長(zhǎng)期融資決斷股份資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的右邊。

Thisaffectsiscompany.

theanfinancialimportantriskdecisionfacedasbythethelegalownersstructureofthe這是一個(gè)重要的決定作為法律結(jié)構(gòu)影響金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)面對(duì)附近的的業(yè)主的公司。

Themanagement(executiveboardincludesindividualssomedirectors),butmembersoftop

directors).

fromoutsidethecompany(non-executiveshouldalsoinclude董事會(huì)包括有些隸屬于高層管理人員(執(zhí)行董事),但將也包括個(gè)體從外公司(非執(zhí)行董事)。

Maximizationstockholdersofshareholderwealthfocusesonlyencompassescommonwhereasallfinancialmaximizationoffirmvalueonstockholders.

stockholders,debtclaimholdersholders,andpreferredincluding股東財(cái)富最大化只集中于股東,而企業(yè)價(jià)值最大化包含所有的財(cái)務(wù)債券持有者,包括普通股股東,債權(quán)人和優(yōu)先股股東。

Givenmaximizationthesestakeholdersassumptionsandisconsistent,societyinshareholders’withthethelongbestwealthrun。interests

of根據(jù)這些假設(shè),從長(zhǎng)期來看,股東財(cái)富最大化與利益相關(guān)者和社會(huì)的最好利潤(rùn)是相一致的。

Nocomprehensivecompetingtheseconsistentassumptions,shareholders’wealthmeasureameasurethatofcanafirm’sprovideas

maximizationstanding.Givenissocietyinthelongwiththerun.

bestinterestsofstakeholdersand沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)措施,能提供由于全面的一個(gè)措施的一個(gè)公司的站。給這些臆說,股東'財(cái)富最大化一貫不比任何人差項(xiàng)目干系人項(xiàng)目利益相關(guān)者的利益,社會(huì)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)說來。

Inshareholders,andreality,managersandfinancingdecisionschoosemayignoretheinterestsof

thatinsteadbenefittomakethemselves.

investment在現(xiàn)實(shí)中,經(jīng)理可能忽視股東的利益,而是選擇利于自身的投資和融資決策。

Financialofstakeholders(otherinformationstatementsfromareprobablytheimportantsourcefirm’sfinancialhealth.thanwhich

management)canthesevariousassess

a財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表可能是最重要的信息來源,除管理者以外的各種利益相關(guān)者可以利用這些報(bào)表來評(píng)估一個(gè)公司的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。

Thecommonstockholders’equitysectionlistspreferredretainedstockearnings.

andcapitalsurplusandaccumulatedstock,股東權(quán)益列示有優(yōu)先股,普通股,資本盈余和累積留存收益。

Theassets,whicharethe“things”thecompanyowns,arelistedintheorderofdecreasingliquidity,orlengthoftimeittypicallytakestoconvertthemtocashatfairmarketvalues,beginningwiththefirm’scurrentassets.

資產(chǎn),也就是公司擁有的東西,是按照流動(dòng)性遞減的順序或?qū)⑺鼈冝D(zhuǎn)換為公允市場(chǎng)價(jià)值所需要的時(shí)間來排列的,通常從流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)開始。Themarketvalueofafirm’sequityisequaltothenumberofsharesofcommonstockoutstandingtimesthepricepershare,whiletheamounthecumulativeamountthefirmraisedwhenissuingcommontreportedonthefirm’sbalancesheetisbasicallystockandanyreinvestednetincome(retainedearnings).

公司權(quán)益的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值等于其發(fā)行在外的普通股份數(shù)乘以每股價(jià)格,而資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的總額則主要是公司在發(fā)行普通股以及分配任何再投資凈收益(留存收益)時(shí)累積的數(shù)額。

Whendepreciationcomparedearlyexpenseyearsbuthasofhigherassettoloweracceleratednetlife,whichdepreciationmethods,straight-lineincome.

tendsexpensetoainhigherthe

tax與加速折舊法相比,直線折舊法在資產(chǎn)使用年限的早期折舊費(fèi)用較低,這也會(huì)趨向于較高的稅金費(fèi)用和較高的凈收入。Thestatementofcashsections:(1)operatingcashflowsconsistsofthree

and(3)financingbringactivitiesincashflows.flows,(2)investingActivitiesineachareacashflows,thatcash.

thatcashinvolverepresentspendingsourcescashofcashareuseswhileof該聲明現(xiàn)金流量表包含三個(gè)部分:(1)經(jīng)營(yíng)現(xiàn)金流,(2)投資的現(xiàn)金流,(3)融資現(xiàn)金流。在每個(gè)地區(qū)活動(dòng)帶來現(xiàn)金來源的現(xiàn)金而代表活動(dòng)涉及到花錢是使用現(xiàn)金

Financingrepaymentsactivitiesandcashdividendorretirements,stockincludenewpayments.

salesdebtissuances,debtandrepurchases,籌資活動(dòng),包括發(fā)行新債券,償還債務(wù),股票銷售和回購(gòu),以及現(xiàn)金股利支付。

Not$750millionsurprisingly,Enron’sexecutivesoptionsinthe12monthsinsalaries,bonusesandhadprofitsrealizedfromsomestockbankrupt.

beforethecompanywent毫不奇怪,公司破產(chǎn)前的十二個(gè)月里,安然的高管們實(shí)現(xiàn)了7.5億美金的工資、獎(jiǎng)金和股票期權(quán)利潤(rùn)。First,financialthearemanyfinancialratiostextbooksarenotstandardized.Aandothersourcesperusalofcalculateavailablesomewillratios.oftenshowdifferencesinhowthatto首先,財(cái)務(wù)比率不規(guī)范。一個(gè)參考的許多金融教科書及來源,可將經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)出差異如何計(jì)算一些率。

Liquidityobligationsratiosintheindicateshortrun.

afirm’sabilitytopayits流動(dòng)性比率表明公司的支付能力在短期內(nèi)它的義務(wù)。

Excessivelyfirmhighcurrentratios,however,mayindicateinvestor-suppliedcapitalmayhavetoomuchofitslong-term

acurrentassets.

investedinshort-termlow-earning當(dāng)前的比率過高,然而,可能表明,一個(gè)公司可能有太多的長(zhǎng)期investor-suppliedInaninflationary資本投資于短期first-out(LIFO)inventoryenvironment,firmslow-earningthat流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)use

currentvaluationwilllikelyhavelast-in,

lowerfirst-out(FIFO).

ratiosthanfirmsthatusefirst-in,在一個(gè)通貨膨脹的環(huán)境下,企業(yè)選擇使用后進(jìn)先出法對(duì)存貨計(jì)價(jià)的公司比采用先進(jìn)先出法的公司有一個(gè)低的流動(dòng)比率。

Thereflectcashthatafirm’sratioliquidityistooconservativepositionbecausetoaccuratelycashfirmsandmarketablecanfundtheiritassumessecurities.

currentliabilitieswithonly流動(dòng)比率太穩(wěn)健不能正確反映一個(gè)公司的流動(dòng)性狀況,因?yàn)樵谶@一比率假定公司僅僅用現(xiàn)金和有價(jià)證券就可以償還流動(dòng)負(fù)債。

Debtofprovidetherelativemanagementmixratiosofdebtcharacterizeafirmintermsabilityofmeasuresthefirm.

ofthelong-termandequitydebtfinancingpayingand描述一個(gè)公司債務(wù)管理比率從相對(duì)的混合的債務(wù)和股權(quán)融資的措施,提供長(zhǎng)期償債能力的公司。

Totalequity,andcapitalthusincludesexcludesallshort-termnon-currentdebt.

liabilitiesplus資本總額包括所有非流動(dòng)負(fù)債加上股本,從而排除短期貸款。Netindustry.

profitmarginsvarywidelybythetypeof有著很大的不同,其凈利潤(rùn)為典型的產(chǎn)業(yè)。

Notethaninterestthatnetincome,Isearningsbeforeusedininterestthenumeratorandtaxes,ratherbecauseabilitytaxes.

toispaypaidcurrentwithpre-taxinterestdollars,andisnotaffectedthefirm’sby注意,分子中用的是息稅前利潤(rùn)而不是凈收入,這是因?yàn)槔⑹嵌惽爸Ц兜模局Ц冬F(xiàn)金利息的能力不受稅收的影響。

Managersincreasedshouldanalyzethetradeoffbetweenanyandandtheassociatedsalesfromcostsamoreoflongerlenientcollectioncreditpolicywhethermoreincreasechanginguncollectedshareholder’sthereceivableswefirm’salth.

credittosalesdetermineperiodspolicy

could管理者應(yīng)該分析權(quán)衡增加的銷售從一個(gè)更為寬松的信貸政策和相關(guān)費(fèi)用較長(zhǎng)的周期和更多的應(yīng)收賬款收集來決定是否改變公司的信用銷售的政策可能會(huì)增加股東的財(cái)富。

Ifcreditthereceivablescollectionperiodexceedsafirm’sineffectivetermscredittomarginalinthiscollectingmaycustomers.

indicateitscreditthatsalesafirmorisisgranting

如果應(yīng)收賬款采集時(shí)間超過公司的信用條款這也許說明了企業(yè)信用銷售收集它無效或給予客戶信用邊緣。

Acontinuedlow,decliningratiomaysuggesttheweakeningoutdatedtodemandbuildorupinventoryinthefirmfacehasof

soldatreducedorobsoleteprices,ifinventorymaybeatall.

thatcarryingcouldandonlyreportingbe一個(gè)低稅率、下降率可能顯示這個(gè)公司已經(jīng)持續(xù)不斷地加強(qiáng)庫(kù)存面對(duì)需求不斷減弱或可能攜帶和報(bào)告過期或過時(shí)的庫(kù)存,只能減價(jià)出售。Thus,theoperatingmeasuresoperatingprofitprofitmargin,whichindicatesthefinancinggeneratedperdollarofnetsales,costs.

thefirm’soperatingprofitabilitybefore因此,經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn),預(yù)示著美元營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)產(chǎn)生的凈銷售額,公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)措施在融資成本。

Ifdepreciatedthefirm’sfixedassetsareoldandhavebeen

notdenominatorlosttheirtowillaproductivelowbookinflateROA.

ability,thelowvalue,andthefigureintheassetshave如果公司固定資產(chǎn)比較舊,分母的減少會(huì)是ROA折舊到低的賬面價(jià)值,但是資產(chǎn)并沒有失去生產(chǎn)能力。

Returnreturnoncommonequity(ROCE)focusesonjusttheremovingtonetthecommondividendsshareholderstopreferredandisshareholderscomputedfrombycommonincomeshareholders.

anddividingbythecapitalprovidedby普通股權(quán)益報(bào)酬率僅僅關(guān)注普通股股東的報(bào)酬率,用凈收入扣除優(yōu)先股股利除以普通股股東提供的資本計(jì)算得到。

Dividendreturn;anotheryieldappreciation.

partrepresentsofapartsstock’softotalastock’sreturntotalisprice

代表部分股息率的股票總回報(bào);另一部分是一個(gè)股票的總回報(bào)價(jià)格上漲。

Inmorefact,ofalltheconceptsusedinfinance,noneiscalledimportantdiscountedthancashtheflow(DCF)analysis.

timevalueofmoney,also事實(shí)上,財(cái)務(wù)上所有的概念中,貨幣時(shí)間價(jià)值是最重要的,也稱作是折現(xiàn)調(diào)整現(xiàn)金流量折價(jià)分析。

Thus,investorsbearingprinciplesandtherequiretimecompensationvalueofmoney.Theseforbothrisktwodecision-makinglieatconcepts.

theheartofthefinancial因此,投資者需要為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)和貨幣時(shí)間價(jià)值提供補(bǔ)償,這兩個(gè)原則的核心在于財(cái)務(wù)決策的概念。

Interestbaseratesareinvestments.

ratestodrawalsocomparisonoftenusedtoasalternativeriskleriskieror利率也常常作為無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)利率或基準(zhǔn)利率來對(duì)可替代的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資進(jìn)行比較。

Mostoperatepersonalonaloans,mortgagescompoundingbasis.

andcreditcards大多數(shù)個(gè)人貸款、抵押貸款和信用卡是以復(fù)利計(jì)息的。

Therefore,theistoreducetothecorrectdiscountingadjustmentfactorforbyanoneannuityandtoduestream.

thereducedcalculationanon-discountedcashflowadd因此,正確的調(diào)整年金是為了減少由于貼現(xiàn)因子,增加減少的一個(gè)non-discountedIfrate,theinterest計(jì)算現(xiàn)金流量

bondrateswillmovesellabove(below)thebelow(above)itsbond’ http://www.zzlgroo.com upon如果利率移動(dòng)高(低)債券的票面利率,債券將出售低于(以上)其票面金額.

Ifperiod,asanannuitynotbeginitspaymentinwithdeferredanordinarywithandue,thenordinaryitannuity,orisimmediately,asthefirststreamsubsequentannuity-antoannuitythefirstthatperiod.

beginsclassifieditsascasha

flow如果一項(xiàng)年金不像普通年金那樣在第一期支付,也不像預(yù)付年金那樣馬上支付,那么我們就把它劃分為遞延年金,這種年金在第一期后的期間支付。

Thehighereffectivewhenyear.

interestthantherateofaninvestmentwillalwaysbeisnominalcompoundedorstatedmoreinterestthanoncerateper當(dāng)利息用復(fù)利計(jì)算一年多于一年的時(shí)候,一項(xiàng)投資的有效利率將永遠(yuǎn)比名義利率高。

Nonetheless,intrinsicdeterminingwhencomparedwhethervaluetoitstomarketbuyservesorvaluesellasabasisfor

aorfinancialprice.asset盡管如此,內(nèi)在價(jià)值作為基礎(chǔ),與市場(chǎng)價(jià)值或價(jià)格作比較,來決定是否購(gòu)買或賣出一項(xiàng)金融資產(chǎn)。

Thetherelatedamountvalueoftotheofaamountexpectedfinancialofcashassetisdirectlyrelatedtorisk.

flows,butinversely一項(xiàng)金融資產(chǎn)的價(jià)值與期望的現(xiàn)金流量正相關(guān),與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度負(fù)相關(guān)。Iffallinterestratesincrease,causingthebackbelowtothepar,theissuerbondholderatparormayahighersellbondthepriceprice.

bondto如果利率上升,導(dǎo)致債券價(jià)格跌破面值,場(chǎng)所將該債券交付可能賣債券回發(fā)行人的面值,或一個(gè)更高的價(jià)格。

Inaclaimthecaseofpledgedontotheotherassetsunsecuredsecurities.

thatdebt,thetheissuerbondholdershasnothave就信用借貸來說,債券所有人對(duì)發(fā)行人未抵押給其他擔(dān)保人的資產(chǎn)有要求全。

Anratinginverseoryieldandtoqualityrelationshipmaturity.

ofagenerallybondandexistsitsbetweeninteresttherate評(píng)級(jí)和債券的質(zhì)量與利息率或到期收益率程相反關(guān)系。

Commontheirstockholdersareafterandclaimpreferredsatisfyingtoearningsandtheassetsresidualisownerswhatremainsbecausestockholders.

thepriorclaimofvariouscreditors普通股股東是剩余所有者,這是因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)收益和資產(chǎn)的要求權(quán)是在滿足各債權(quán)人和優(yōu)先股股東優(yōu)先選擇權(quán)后剩余的。

Inbutsomeinstances,existingstockholderspurchasenotthecompanytheofallobligation,tosells.

newsharesshareofcommonproportionatelyhavethestockinright,thatthe在某些情況下,現(xiàn)有的股東也有這個(gè)權(quán)利,但不是義務(wù),在購(gòu)買比例分享所有新股的公司的普通股票賣出。

Futuredividendcashprice(gainspaymentsflowsorlosses)overmayand/orbechangesinthetheholdinginformtheofperiod.

stock’scash未來現(xiàn)金流的形式可能是現(xiàn)金股利支付和/或改變股票的價(jià)格(收益或虧損)控股的時(shí)期

Itinfinitesuggestsinvestorsmustvaluevalueatandofthethencommonrequireddiscountforecastthembackdividendstopresentto

stock.

rateofreturntoestimatethe建議投資者必須預(yù)測(cè)派發(fā)股息的無限,然后他們回到現(xiàn)值折扣在所需的收益率的估計(jì)價(jià)值普通股。

Theriskiergreatertheinvestmentthevariabilityis.

ofthepossiblereturns,the大的可變性的回報(bào),投資將會(huì)有冒險(xiǎn)性。

Investmentactuallyrisk,then,isrelatedtothethechanceearninginvestment.

ofaalowloworornegativenegativethereturn,thereturn-theprobabilityriskiergreaterof投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn),然后,涉及的概率低或者消極實(shí)際獲得回報(bào),更大的機(jī)會(huì)或負(fù)回報(bào)低,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資。

Thisasstandardtwoassumptionparameters,thegreatlyexpectedsimplifiesreturn(mean)andinvestmentanalysis,thecompletelydeviation(orfinancialreturns.

describethevariance),areprobabilitysufficientdistributionto

ofall這個(gè)假設(shè),極大地簡(jiǎn)化了投資分析的兩個(gè)參數(shù),預(yù)期回報(bào)(平均)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(或方差),能夠完整地描述所有財(cái)務(wù)回報(bào)的概率分布。

Financialbeingtheorytypicallyconsidersrisk-averse.Aviewsdecisionmakersascompensationariskyrisk-aversedecisionmakerforriskinvestmentthroughonlyariskifitpremium.

provides金融理論的觀點(diǎn)是典型的決策者風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。一規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資決策者認(rèn)為只有當(dāng)它提供補(bǔ)償風(fēng)險(xiǎn)通過風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溢價(jià)。

Rationalsomeconstraintsobjectivebehaviorthatfunction-theirmeansthattheyface.

utilityindividualsfunction-undermaximize

the理性行為意味著個(gè)人一些目標(biāo)函數(shù)最大化效用函數(shù)下-他們的效用函數(shù)-他們所面臨的約束條件的。

Inforreality,itisorindividualprobablyorretailmoreinvestorslikelyastobetrueonlystocksinstitutionalasopposedinvestors,andtothinlyfortradedfrequentlyopposedstocks.

tradedtolarge事實(shí)上,它可能是更有可能是真的只是為了個(gè)人或散戶投資者反對(duì)大或機(jī)構(gòu)投資者的交易,因?yàn)楹芏喙善苯灰追磳?duì)稀疏的股票。Basedmarket,Fama(1970)distinguishesonthetypeinformationinformationallyefficientmarkets.

threeavailableformstoofthe基于類型資料提供給市場(chǎng),現(xiàn)有(1970)區(qū)分成三種形式的信息的有效率的市常

Banks,insurancefinancialdiversifiedinstitutionscompanies,mutualportfolios.

arerequiredfunds,andbylawtootherhold銀行、保險(xiǎn)公司、基金和其他金融機(jī)構(gòu)依法舉辦多種組合。

Astheanumberrule, http://www.zzlgroo.com clineas一般來說,投資組合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)下降股票的數(shù)目在組合增加。

Theisbecalledparteliminateddiversifiableofastock’siscalledrisk,whileriskthatcanbeeliminatedmarketrisk.

thepartthatcannot部分股票的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以省略,被稱為可分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而無法消除的部分叫做市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Inaddinggeneral,theanswerisno,buttheextenttowhichinsmallerthestocksdegreetoofaportfolioreducesitsriskdependstherisktheinpositivecorrelationalargecorrelationamongportfolio.

coefficients,thestocks:thethelower通常來說,答案是否定的,但是向證券投資組合中增加股票種類能使風(fēng)險(xiǎn)減小的程度取決于組合中股票的關(guān)聯(lián)性:正相關(guān)系數(shù)越小,一個(gè)大的證券投資組合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越低。

Inindividualtherealworld,wherethe+1.0,some,butstocksnotarecorrelationsamongtheall,riskgenerallycanpositiveeliminated.

butlethan在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中,在相關(guān)個(gè)股通常是積極的,但是低于+1.0,有些,但不是全部,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)消除。

Yousecurities,thefindoutbereduced,withouttotalthatriskbyreducingcombiningofthetheinvestmenttwoorexpectedmore

pay-off.

canactually你發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)合兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的證券,總投資者的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)減少,而不減少預(yù)期的收益。

MostannualpublictheshareholderSecuritiesreportsfirms。annualandTheseinExchangetheincludeUnited(US)preparetworeport。

Commissiontheannual(SECreport)andtothe在美國(guó)大多數(shù)上市公司都準(zhǔn)備兩份年度報(bào)告,這包括給證券交易委員會(huì)的一份,和給股東的一份。

Theowners’(stockholders’)equitybalancesheetreportsafirm’sattheendofareportingasperiod.

ofagivenassets,anddate,usually

資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表報(bào)告的是特定日期公司的資產(chǎn),負(fù)債和所有者權(quán)益,通常是在報(bào)告期末。

Netbecauseincomeandactualnetcashflowmayfortherecognizingaccountantstreatmentofrevenuesusedepreciationanandaccrualaccountingdifferprocess

expenses,andandtaxes.

becauseof凈利潤(rùn)和實(shí)際的凈現(xiàn)金流量可能不同,這是因?yàn)闀?huì)計(jì)人員用應(yīng)機(jī)制會(huì)計(jì)過程來確認(rèn)收入和費(fèi)用,也可能是因?yàn)閷?duì)折舊和稅收的處理不同。

Usestheshareholderwealthmaximizationtotakethegoal,bothhassupportedtheenterpriseoperationpropertyrightfoundation,andsufficientlyconsidersandhasrespectedtheenterprisefunder(shareholder)thereasonablebenefit,causestheentireenterprisemanagementandoperationtosetupinonemayholdwithabovetherealityfoundation.“shareholderwealthmaximization”managesfinancesthegoalinAtthesametime,

thecapitalmarketdevelopedenvironment,alsoisadvantageousforthebalanceandtheoperation,thefeasibilityisstrongest.

financialmanagementdecision-making財(cái)務(wù)管理acquire決策,決策的publiclytradedcorporations獲得,取得

vicepresidentoffinancechieffinancialofficer財(cái)務(wù)副總裁公開上市公司公眾chiefexecutiveofficer首席財(cái)務(wù)官balancesheet首席執(zhí)行官capitalbudgeting資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表workingcapitalmanagement資本預(yù)算

hurdlerate營(yíng)運(yùn)資本管理capitalstructure最低報(bào)酬率mixofdebtandequity資本結(jié)構(gòu)

cashdividendstockholder現(xiàn)金股利負(fù)債與股票的組合dividendpolicy股東

dividend-payoutratio股利政策

stockrepurchase股利支付率stockofferingtradeoff股票發(fā)行股票回購(gòu)commonstock權(quán)衡,折中currentliabilitycurrentasset普通股流動(dòng)負(fù)債marketablesecurity流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)

inventorytangiblefixedassets存貨

流動(dòng)性資產(chǎn),有價(jià)證券intangiblefixedassets有形固定資產(chǎn)patenttrademark專利無形固定資產(chǎn)creditor

商標(biāo)stockholders’equity債權(quán)人financingmixriskaversion融資組合

股東權(quán)益volatility風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避allocate易變性不穩(wěn)定性capitalallocation配置

businefinancialrisk企業(yè)商業(yè)資本配置業(yè)務(wù)soleproprietorship財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)partnership

limitedpartner合伙制企業(yè)私人業(yè)主制企業(yè)generalpartner有限責(zé)任合伙人

separationofownershipandcontrol一般合伙人

claimmanagementbuyout要求主張要求權(quán)所有權(quán)與經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)分離tenderoffer管理層收購(gòu)

financialstandards要約收購(gòu)initialpublicoffering財(cái)務(wù)準(zhǔn)則

privatecorporationcloselyheldcorporation私募公司首次公開發(fā)行股票

未上市公司boardofdirectors控股公司executivedirectornon-executivedirector董事會(huì)執(zhí)行董事

chairperson非執(zhí)行董事controllertreasurer主計(jì)長(zhǎng)主席revenueprofitearningspershare利潤(rùn)收入司庫(kù)

return每股盈余marketshare回報(bào)

socialgood市場(chǎng)份額financialdistress社會(huì)福利

stakeholdertheory財(cái)務(wù)困境value(wealth)maximization利益相關(guān)者理論

commonstockholderpreferredstockholder普通股股東價(jià)值(財(cái)富)最大化debtholderwell-being優(yōu)先股股東diversity福利債權(quán)人goingconcern多樣化agencyproblem持續(xù)的free-ridingproblem代理問題

informationasymmetry搭便車問題retailinvestorinstitutionalinvestor散戶投資者信息不對(duì)稱

agencyrelationshipnetpresentvalue代理關(guān)系機(jī)構(gòu)投資者creativeaccounting凈現(xiàn)值

stockoptionagencycost股票期權(quán)創(chuàng)造性會(huì)計(jì)bondingcost代理成本monitoringcosts契約成本takeover監(jiān)督成本corporateannualreports接管

balancesheet公司年報(bào)incomestatement資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表statementofcashflows利潤(rùn)表

statementofretainedearnings現(xiàn)金流量表fairmarketvalue留存收益表

marketablesecurities公允市場(chǎng)價(jià)值check油價(jià)證券moneyorder支票

withdrawal撥款但、匯款單accountsreceivable提款

creditsale應(yīng)收賬款inventorypropertyplantandequipment存貨賒銷

depreciation折舊土地、廠房與設(shè)備accumulateddepreciationliability累計(jì)折舊currentliability負(fù)債

long-termliability流動(dòng)負(fù)債accountspayoutnotepayout應(yīng)付賬款長(zhǎng)期負(fù)債accruedexpense應(yīng)付票據(jù)

deferredtaxpreferredstock遞延稅款應(yīng)計(jì)費(fèi)用commonstockbookvalue普通股優(yōu)先股capitalsurplus賬面價(jià)值accumulatedretainedearnings資本盈余

hybrid累計(jì)留存收益treasurystock混合金融工具h(yuǎn)istoriccost庫(kù)藏股currentmarketvalue歷史成本

realestateoutstanding房地產(chǎn)

現(xiàn)行市場(chǎng)價(jià)值aprofitandlostatement發(fā)行在外的

netincome損益表operatingincome凈利潤(rùn)

earningspershare經(jīng)營(yíng)收益simplecapitalstructure每股收益

dilutivebasicearningspershare沖減每股收益的

簡(jiǎn)單資本結(jié)構(gòu)complexcapitalstructures基本每股收益dilutedearningspershare復(fù)雜的每股收益convertiblesecurities稀釋的每股收益warrantaccrualaccounting認(rèn)股權(quán)證

可轉(zhuǎn)換證券amortization應(yīng)計(jì)制會(huì)計(jì)acceleratedmethods攤銷

straight-linedepreciation加速折舊法

statementofchangesinshareholders直線折舊法

sourceofcashuseofcash現(xiàn)金來源’equity股東權(quán)益變動(dòng)表operatingcashflows現(xiàn)金運(yùn)用

cashflowfromoperations經(jīng)營(yíng)現(xiàn)金流directmethod經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)現(xiàn)金流

indirectmethod直接法bottom-upapproach間接法

investingcashflows倒推法cashflowfrominvesting投資現(xiàn)金流jointventure投資活動(dòng)現(xiàn)金流

affiliatefinancingcashflows分支機(jī)構(gòu)合資企業(yè)

cashflowsfromfinancing籌資現(xiàn)金流

timevalueofmoneysimpleinterest貨幣時(shí)間價(jià)值籌資活動(dòng)現(xiàn)金流debtinstrument單利annuity債務(wù)工具

futurevalue年金

presentvalue終值compoundinterest現(xiàn)值

compoundingprincipal復(fù)利計(jì)算復(fù)利mortgage本金creditcard抵押terminalvalue信用卡discountingdiscountrate折現(xiàn)計(jì)算終值opportunitycost折現(xiàn)率

requiredrateofreturn機(jī)會(huì)成本costofcapital要求的報(bào)酬率

ordinaryannuity資本成本annuitydue普通年金financialratio先付年金

deferredannuity財(cái)務(wù)比率restrictivecovenants遞延年金perpetuity限制性條款

bondindenture永續(xù)年金facevalue債券契約

financialanalyst面值

liquidityratiocouponrate息票利率財(cái)務(wù)分析師nominalinterestrate流動(dòng)性比率

currentratio名義利率

effectiveinterestrate流動(dòng)比率windowdressinggoing-concernvalue賬面粉飾有效利率

marketablesecurities持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)價(jià)值quickratioliquidationvalue清算價(jià)值短期證券

bookvalue速動(dòng)比率cashratio現(xiàn)金比率賬面價(jià)值

debtmanagementratiosmarkervalue市場(chǎng)價(jià)值

intrinsicvaluedebtratio內(nèi)在價(jià)值債務(wù)管理比率mispricing債務(wù)比率debt-to-equityratio給……錯(cuò)定價(jià)格

valuationapproach債務(wù)與權(quán)益比率equitymultiplierdiscountedcashflowvaluation權(quán)益乘估價(jià)方法數(shù)

long-termratioundervaluation長(zhǎng)期比率折現(xiàn)現(xiàn)金流量模型debt-to-total-capital低估

overvaluation高估

債務(wù)與全部資本比率

leverageratios杠桿比率option-pricingmodel期權(quán)定價(jià)模型

interestcoverageratio利息保障比率contingentclaimvaluation或有要求權(quán)估價(jià)

earningsbeforeinterestandtaxes息稅前利潤(rùn)promissorynote本票

cashflowcoverageratio現(xiàn)金流量保障比率contractualprovision契約條款

assetmanagementratios資產(chǎn)管理比率parvalue票面價(jià)值

accountsreceivableturnoverratio應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率maturityvalue到期價(jià)值

inventoryturnoverratio存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率coupon息票利息

inventoryprocessingperiod存貨周轉(zhuǎn)期couponpayment息票利息支付

accountspayableturnoverratio應(yīng)付賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率couponinterestrate息票利率cashconversioncycle現(xiàn)金周轉(zhuǎn)期maturity到期日

assetturnoverratio資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率termtomaturity到期時(shí)間profitabilityratio盈利比率callprovision贖回條款

groprofitmargin毛利潤(rùn)callprice贖回價(jià)格

operatingprofitmargin經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)sinkingfundprovision償債基金條款netprofitmargin凈利潤(rùn)conversionright轉(zhuǎn)換權(quán)returnonasset資產(chǎn)收益率putprovision賣出條款

returnontotalequityratio全部權(quán)益報(bào)酬率indenture債務(wù)契約

returnoncommonequity普通權(quán)益報(bào)酬率covenant條款

market-to-bookvalueratio市場(chǎng)價(jià)值與賬面價(jià)值比率trustee托管人

marketvalueratios市場(chǎng)價(jià)值比率protectivecovenant保護(hù)性條款dividendyield股利收益率negativecovenant消極條款dividendpayout股利支付率positivecovenant積極條款financialstatement財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表secureddebt擔(dān)保借款profitability盈利能力unsecureddebt信用借款viability生存能力

creditworthiness信譽(yù)solvency償付能力collateral抵押品

collateraltrustbonds抵押信托契約debenture信用債券portfolio組合

diversifiablerisk可分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn)marketrisk市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)expectedreturn期望收益stand-alonerisk個(gè)別風(fēng)險(xiǎn)standarddeviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)離差variance方差

normaldistribution正態(tài)分布

efficientmarkethypothesis(EMH)有效市場(chǎng)假設(shè)pricetaker價(jià)格接受者

investorrationality投資者的理性institutionalinvestor機(jī)構(gòu)投資者retailinvestor個(gè)人,散戶投資者anomaly異常(人或物)

post-earningsannouncementdrift期后盈余披露behavioralfinance行為財(cái)務(wù)

expectedutilitytheory期望效用理論

mean-varianceefficientfrontier均值-方差有效前沿covariance協(xié)方差

correlationcoefficient相關(guān)系數(shù)

company-specificfactor公司特有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

arbitragepricingtheory(APT)套利定價(jià)理論

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