如果讓熱量保留在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)很快被燒損,雙工通訊客戶服務(wù)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)物流信息系統(tǒng),高級(jí)語言抽象數(shù)據(jù)類型軟件的組成單元機(jī)器碼輸出碼,經(jīng)理們都是很出色的傳播者和價(jià)值塑造者避雷針能夠完成工作。
專業(yè)英語單詞及句子翻譯
1、電器設(shè)備:electricalequipment
2、鉸接客車:articulatedbus
3、內(nèi)燃機(jī):internalcombustionengine
4、變矩器:torqueconverter
5、差速器:differentialgear
6、傳動(dòng)軸:propellershaft
7、轉(zhuǎn)向柱:steeringcolumn
8、鋼板彈簧:leafspring
9、螺旋彈簧:coilspring
10、扭桿彈簧:torsionbar
11、連桿:connectionrod
12、上止點(diǎn):topreadcenter
13、下止點(diǎn):bottomreadcenter
14、吸氣行程:inductionstroke
15、做功行程:powerstroke
16、壓縮行程:compressionstroke
17、排氣行程:exhauststroke
18、有效容積:sweptvolume
19、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量:enginecapacity
20、轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng):steeringsystem
21、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng):powertrainsystem
22、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng):brakesystem
23、車身:automobilebody
24、底盤:chassis
25、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī):engine
26、電氣系統(tǒng):electricalsystem
27、壓縮比:compressionratio
28、氣缸體:cylinderblock
29、氣缸蓋:cylinderhead
30、頂置凸輪:overhead-cam
31、灰鑄鐵:grayiron
32、碳鋼:carbonsteel
33、鋁合金:aluminumalloy
34、進(jìn)氣總管:internalmanifold
35、曲軸箱:crankcase
36、活塞環(huán)(銷):pistonring(pin)
37、切向力:tangentialforce
38、徑向力:radialforce
39、氣缸壁:cylinderwall
40、氣缸筒:cylinderbore
41、往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng):reciprocatingmotion
42、點(diǎn)火次序:firingorder
43、人造橡膠:elastomer
44、合成橡膠:syntheticrubber45、氣門間隙:valveclearance46、凸輪挺趕:camfollower47、氣門正時(shí):valvetiming48、進(jìn)氣門:intakevalve49、排氣門:exhaustvalve50、電子式氣閥控制:electronicvalvecontrol51、頂置凸輪軸:overheadcamshaft52、齒輪帶:cog-typebelt
1、有些零件使汽車更舒服或更美觀,但其中大多數(shù)是使汽車行駛。
Someofpartsmakethecarmorecomfortableorbetterlooking,butlotsofthemmakethecarrun.
2、用手工檢查氣缸壓縮情況時(shí),除了正在檢查的氣缸外,應(yīng)卸掉其它各缸的火花塞。
Tocheckthecompressionbyhand,driveoutthesparkplugsfromallthecylinderbuttheonebeingchecked.
3、如果讓熱量保留在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)很快被燒損。
Iftheheatisallowedtoremainintheengine,itwouldsoondestroyit.
4、動(dòng)力通過傳動(dòng)系從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)傳遞到車輪,從而車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),汽車行駛。
Thepoweriscarriedfromtheenginethroughthedrivingwheelssothatthewheelsturnandthecarmove.
5、用手工檢查氣缸壓縮情況時(shí),除了正在檢查的氣缸外,應(yīng)卸掉其它氣缸的火花塞。
Tocheckthecompressionbyhanddriveoutthesparkplugsfromallthecylinderbuttheonebeingchecked.
6、需要一些附件將工作部件連成一體或協(xié)助主要工作部件工作。
Theauxiliarypartsarenecessarytoholdtheworkingpartstogetherortohelptheprimaryworkingpartsintheirperformance.
7、無論哪種情況,缸體本身許多部件鑄在缸體之內(nèi)或附裝在缸體之上。Inanycase,theblockitselfhasmanycomponentscastintoitorassembledontoit.
8、已研制出一種可變壓縮比活塞,這種活塞能改善啟動(dòng)性能,使怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)更好,并提高每立方英寸排量的輸出功率。
Onekindofvariablecompressionratiopistonhasbeendevelopedcanimprovestartingbetteridlingandimproveoutputpercubicinchofdisplacement.
9、連桿通常用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材制成,其桿身兩端為環(huán)形,而環(huán)形頭部分別稱為大頭和小頭,并分別把連桿連接到曲柄軸頸和活塞銷上。
Theconnectingrodisusuallymadefromahighqualitysteelinthefromofabarwithring-shapedheadsatitsends,theendsbeingknownastheconnectingrodbigtothecrankshaftjournalendthepistonpinrespecting.
10、汽車制造商們總是盡力來滿足顧客對(duì)汽車設(shè)計(jì)及生產(chǎn)方面的各種要求。
Automotivemanufacturershavealwaystriedtomeettheircustomrequirementsforautodesignsandproductions.
11、為了發(fā)展我國(guó)的汽車工業(yè),我們不僅應(yīng)該引進(jìn)國(guó)外的資金,還應(yīng)該引進(jìn)國(guó)外的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。
Todeveloptheautoindustryofourcountry,wemustintroducenotonlyforeignfundsbutalsotheadvancedscienceandtechnologyfromtheircountries.
12、汽車零部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化為汽車的大規(guī)模流水生產(chǎn)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)基矗
Thestandardizationofautocomponentslaidthesolidfoundationformanufacturingcarsontheassemblyline.
13、大街上跑的那些汽車其風(fēng)格樣式是如此繁多,所以你簡(jiǎn)直想象不出一百年前的汽車是什么樣的。
Theautomobilesnowrunningonstreetsaresovariousinstyleanddesignthatyouhardlyimaginewhatitlookedlikeonehundredyearsago.
14、德國(guó)卡爾本茨于1886年制造出第一輛用內(nèi)燃機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車。
In1886,KarlBenzfromGermanybuiltthefirstcardrivenbyaninternalcombustionengine.
15、但是不管汽車型號(hào)有多么不同,汽車構(gòu)造上是基本相同的,換言之,任何汽車都是由四部分組成的,如發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身及電器系統(tǒng)。
Buthoweverdifferenttheautomodelsare,automobilesarebasicallythesameinstructure.Inotherwords,anyautomobileismadeoffourpartssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.
信息管理專業(yè)英語unit1-12單詞以及句子翻譯
專業(yè)英語
一、專業(yè)術(shù)語
RFID射頻識(shí)別IOT物聯(lián)網(wǎng)CloudComputing云計(jì)算ANN神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)BI商業(yè)智能E-busine/Web-busine/e-commerce電子商務(wù)KM知識(shí)管理GIS地理信息系統(tǒng)PDA掌上電腦Bluetooth藍(lán)牙技術(shù)CAD計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)
CMD計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制作branchmanager部門經(jīng)理binaryformat二進(jìn)制格式USB(UniversalSerialBus)通用串行總線computercase計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)箱temporarystorageofinformation臨時(shí)存儲(chǔ)信息floppydisk軟盤CD-ROM只讀光盤textual源代碼videocard視頻卡,顯卡soundcard音頻卡,聲卡
DVD數(shù)字化視頻光盤SISP戰(zhàn)略信息系統(tǒng)計(jì)劃ProjectManagement項(xiàng)目管理HumanResources人力資源End-UserSystemsDevelopment最終用戶系統(tǒng)開發(fā)rollingbusineplans流動(dòng)業(yè)務(wù)計(jì)劃MIS(managementinformationsystem)管理信息系統(tǒng)DB(database)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)DBMS(databaseManagementsystem)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)DSS(decisionsupportsystem)決策支持系統(tǒng)operationalmanager運(yùn)營(yíng)經(jīng)理Seniormanager高級(jí)經(jīng)理semi-structureddecision半結(jié)構(gòu)化決策
ANS(AdvancedNetwork&Service)高級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)及服務(wù)公司
TPS(TransactionProcessingsystems)事務(wù)管理系統(tǒng)
KWS(KnowledgeWorkSystems)只是工作系統(tǒng)GRASP繪制機(jī)器人技術(shù)應(yīng)用軟件包OAS(OfficeAutomationSystems)辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)
ESS(ExecutiveSupportSystems)經(jīng)理支持系統(tǒng)
EIS(ExecutiveInformationSystems)經(jīng)理信息系統(tǒng)
OLAP(on-lineanalyticalprocessing)聯(lián)機(jī)分析處理
GIS(GroupInformationSystems)集群信息系統(tǒng)
GDSS(GroupDecisionSupportSystems)集群決策支持系統(tǒng)
MIT(ManagementInformationtechnology)管理信息技術(shù)
RAD(rapidapplicationdevelopment)快速應(yīng)用開發(fā)
Two-waycommunications雙工通訊client-serverenvironment客戶服務(wù)環(huán)境Datawarehouse數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)logisticsinformationsystems物流信息系統(tǒng)
ERP(Enterpriseresourceplanning)企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃
CRM(customerrelationshipManagement)客戶關(guān)系管理
OOD(Object-Orienteddesign)面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)
OOP(Object0OrientedProgramming)面向?qū)ο缶幊?/p>
HLLs(HighLevelLanguages)高級(jí)語言ADTs(AbstractDataTypes)抽象數(shù)據(jù)類型SoftwareIcs軟件的組成單元machinecode機(jī)器碼op-code輸出碼
EDI(ElectronicDatainterchange)電子數(shù)據(jù)交換
SMEs(smallandmediumsizedenterprises)中小企業(yè)
B2B企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)電子商務(wù)B2C企業(yè)對(duì)用戶電子商務(wù)
CERT(CharacterErrorRateTester)字符出錯(cuò)率測(cè)試器
CIAS(CommunicationLinkAnalyzerSystem)通信鏈路分析系統(tǒng)
IMS(InformationManagementSystem)管理信息系統(tǒng)
NDMS(NetwareDataManagementSystem)網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)管理系統(tǒng)
1
二、翻譯
Unit1
1.Managementistheattainmentoforganizationalgoalsinaneffectiveandefficientmannerthroughplanning,organizing,leading,andcontrollingorganizationalresources.
管理是組織目標(biāo)通過計(jì)劃、組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、控制組織資源實(shí)現(xiàn)的有效方式。
2.Planningdefineswheretheorganizationwantstobeinthefutureandhowtogetthere.計(jì)劃決定了組織將來的發(fā)展方向和實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。
http://www.zzlgroo.com anizationfailurecanoccurwhenmanagersarenotseriousaboutcontrolorlackcontrolinformation.
組織的失敗往往在管理人員不認(rèn)真對(duì)待控制或缺乏控制的信息時(shí)發(fā)生。
4.Theultimateresponsibilityofmanagersistoachievehighperformance,whichistheattainmentoforganizationalgoalsbyusingresourcesinanefficientandeffectivemanner.
管理人員的最終責(zé)任是獲得高業(yè)績(jī),這是組織目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種有效的利用資源和有效的方式。
5.Thereareno“peopleless”organizations,somanagersmustlearnhowtomotivate,leadandcommunicate;theymustalsounderstandinterpersonalrelationsandthebehaviorofgroupsofpeople.
沒有任何“peopleless”組織,所以經(jīng)理們必須學(xué)會(huì)如何激勵(lì)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和交流,他們也必須理解人際關(guān)系和各種人群的行為。
6.Managersareexcellentcommunicatorsandvalueshapers,lightningrodstogetthejobdone.經(jīng)理們都是很出色的傳播者和價(jià)值塑造者,避雷針能夠完成工作。
7.Itisnowapparentthatoverlycentralized,excessivelylayered,andrigidorganizationalstructuresarenotalwayseffectiveorefficient.
過于集中、過度分層、剛性的組織結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在很明顯并不總是有效或高效的。
8.Amanagerfrequentlyremindshisorhermanagementteamofthecompany’sgoalsandhowwellthosegoalsarebeingachieved.
一個(gè)管理者會(huì)經(jīng)常提醒他或她的管理團(tuán)隊(duì),公司的目標(biāo),以及如何做好已達(dá)成這些目標(biāo)。
9.Strategicplanningistheproceofdevelopingandanalyzingtheorganization’smission,overallgoals,generalstrategies,andallocatingresources.
戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃是發(fā)展和分析組織的使命、總體目標(biāo)、總體戰(zhàn)略、和分配資源的過程。
10.Thepurposeoftheorganizingfunctionistomakethebestuseoftheorganization’sresourcestoachieveorganizationalgoals.
組織功能的目的是最充分地利用組織的資源以實(shí)現(xiàn)組織目標(biāo)。
Unit2
1.Asusedinabroadersense,statisticsreferstothestatisticaltoolsusedtocollect,present,
analyze,andinterpretdataforthepurposeofmakingmoreeffectivedecisions.
廣泛的意義上說,統(tǒng)計(jì)是指用來收集統(tǒng)計(jì)工具,呈現(xiàn)、分析和理解數(shù)據(jù)的,目的都是為了做更多有效的決策。
2.Statisticalthinkingisnecessarynotonlyforefficientcitizenship,butalsoforeffective
decisionmakinginvariousfacetsofbusiness.
統(tǒng)計(jì)思想是很必要的,不僅是因?yàn)橛行У墓裆矸?也是為在商業(yè)諸多方面做的有效決策
3.W.EdwardsDeming,notedstatisticianandqualitycontrolexpert,insistedthatweshouldstart
statisticseducationbeforehighschool.
W.愛德華茲·戴明提到統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家和質(zhì)量控制專家,他堅(jiān)持我們應(yīng)該在讀高中之前接受統(tǒng)計(jì)教育
2
4.Justasattorneyshave“rulesofevidence”andaccountantshave“commonlyaccepted
practices”,personsdealingwithnumericaldatafollowsomestandardguidelines.
就像律師有“證據(jù)規(guī)則”會(huì)計(jì)有“被公認(rèn)的慣例”人們處理數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)也會(huì)遵循一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的指導(dǎo)方針
5.Massesofunorganizednumericaldata,suchasthecensusofpopulation,areoflittlevalueas
is,however,statisticaltechniquesareavailabletoorganizethistypeofdataintoameaningfulform.
大量的沒有被組織的數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù),就像全體居民的人口普查一樣,幾乎是沒有意義的,然而統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)對(duì)于組織這種類型的數(shù)據(jù)使其轉(zhuǎn)換成有意義的形式是可行的。
6.Toinfersomethingaboutapopulation,weusuallytakeasamplefromthepopulation.為了從人口數(shù)中得出某些結(jié)論,我們通常會(huì)從人口數(shù)中取出一個(gè)樣本
7.Muchoftheappealofstatisticalmethodisthattheyallowustodescribe,predict,and
sometimescontroltheworldaroundus.
大多數(shù)呼吁的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法是他們?cè)试S我們來描述、預(yù)測(cè),有時(shí)控制我們周圍的世界。
http://www.zzlgroo.com rmationdevelopedthroughtheuseofstatisticshasenhancedourstudyingofhowlife
works,helpeduslearnabouteachother,allowcontroloversomesocietalissues,andhelpedindividualsmakeinformeddecisions.
通過利用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的方式開發(fā)信息,可以增強(qiáng)我們對(duì)于生命是如何運(yùn)作的學(xué)習(xí),幫助我們更多地了解對(duì)方,允許控制一些社會(huì)問題,并有助于人們做出明智的決定。
9.Arepresentativesamplecanbeusedtomakeinferencesaboutalargerpopulation,but
descriptivestatisticsaretheonlyusefulresultsforanunrepresentativesample.
一個(gè)具有代表性的樣本可以用來推測(cè)更大范圍的人群,但是對(duì)于一個(gè)不具有代表性的樣本來說,描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)是唯一有用的成果
10.Whentheindividualsmeasuredconstitutethewholepopulation,thereisnoneedforstatistical
inferencebecausethetruthisknown.
當(dāng)個(gè)人測(cè)量構(gòu)成完整的人口,就不需要統(tǒng)計(jì)推論,因?yàn)檎嫦嗍且阎?/p>
Unit3
1.Allinformation,fromtrainschedulestodiscount-pricegoods,willbeascloseasthepreofa
key
所有信息,從火車時(shí)刻表到折扣價(jià)商品,將會(huì)越來越接近新聞媒體的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵.
2.Thechildrenhaveahappyenvironmentatschool.
孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校有一個(gè)快樂的環(huán)境
3.Themanufacturerinvoicedourcompanyfortwotypewriters.
這個(gè)廠家給我們公司開了兩臺(tái)打字機(jī)的發(fā)票
4.Myaccountsbalanceforthefirsttimethisyear!
這是我今年第一次收支平衡
5.TheEiffelTowerisoneofthemostfamousstructuresintheworld.
艾菲爾鐵塔是世界上最著名的建筑物之一
6.Pleaseprogramthecomputertodothejobinsteadofmanualoperation.
請(qǐng)給電腦編制一個(gè)程序,以此代替手工操作
7.Thebinarysystemofnumbersisusedindigitalcomputers.
二進(jìn)制數(shù)字系統(tǒng)常常在數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)中被使用
3
8.Themotherboardismainboardofacomputer,usuallycontainingthecircuitryforthecentral
processingunit,keyboard,andmonitorandoftenhavingslotsforacceptingadditionalcircuitry.
主板是計(jì)算機(jī)的主要部分,通常包括含有電路的中央處理單元、鍵盤、監(jiān)控和為了接受額外的電路所安置的插槽
9.Programmersusetheterm“datastructures”todescribevariouswaystoorganizedatawithina
program.
程序員使用術(shù)語“數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)”來描述在一個(gè)程序里通過各種方法來組織數(shù)據(jù)
10.Atwhatratedoesthedollarconvertintopounds?
美元以什么匯率兌換成英鎊?
Unit4
1.Theresearchprojecthasonlybeenunderwayforthreemonths,soit’stooearlytoevaluateits
success.
這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了不到三個(gè)月,所以對(duì)它的成績(jī)作出評(píng)價(jià)為時(shí)尚早。
2.Thefirmdecidedtocomputerizeitswagesdepartment.
公司決定使用電腦來處理發(fā)薪部門的工作
3.ThebogavemesomanyinstructionsatonetimethatIgotmuddledup.
老板一下子給了我那么多指示,把我弄得糊里糊涂
4.Heisn’tparticularlycleverbutindustrious.
他并不特別聰明,但很勤奮。
5.Newsettlerscameinincreasingnumbers.
新的移民越來越多
6.Thelocallibraryisavaluableresource.
當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館是個(gè)寶貴的資源
7.Thecommitteediscussedstrategicmarketingfactors.
委員會(huì)討論了戰(zhàn)略營(yíng)銷的因素
8.Thesedifficultiesarecausedbynaturaldisasters.
這些困難都是由自然災(zāi)害造成的
9.Therearethreeoptionsopentousinthatmatter.
關(guān)于那件事情我們有三種選擇
10.Thisinformationwillbeleconfusingifit’sproducedintabularform.
如果是產(chǎn)生于表格形式,信息將很少會(huì)被混淆
Unit5
1.Thelowestlevelmanagercanacceonlythedatathatheneedsathislevel.
經(jīng)理能存取的最低水平,只有在他的水平上所需要的數(shù)據(jù)。
http://www.zzlgroo.com cisionSupportisanewUniversityfunctiondesignedtosupportaccess,integrationand
deliveryofadministrativedata.
決策支持系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)是一種新的大學(xué)功能設(shè)計(jì)用以支持訪問、集成和實(shí)施的行政數(shù)據(jù)
http://www.zzlgroo.com cisionSupportisalsoresponsiblefortransitionofdatafromUniversitymainframesto
serversoverthenext5yearsandfortheexistingInformationWarehouse.
決策支持也負(fù)責(zé)在未來的5年里從大學(xué)向服務(wù)器主機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)換和現(xiàn)有信息倉(cāng)庫(kù)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換。
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4.Theprimaryjoboftheuseisinthedefinitionanddiscoveryofinformationusedindecision
making.
主要工作的用途是將定義并發(fā)現(xiàn)的信息用于決策。
5.Ifclientprofileinformationisavailable,servicescanbemoreeasilytailoredtotheclient.如果客戶端剖面的信息是可得到的,服務(wù)可以更容易定制到客戶端
6.ModernMarketingtechniquescanbeusedtoattractandretainclients.
現(xiàn)代營(yíng)銷技術(shù)可以用于吸引和留住客戶
7.Riskassessmentoftheprojectscanbedeterminedbeforetheprojectisbegun.
項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估能夠在項(xiàng)目開始前被確定。
8.SharingthesameconceptsofaDSS,anESSfocusesmoreintheend-userrequirementof
maximuminteractivityanduser-friendlyness.
共享一個(gè)DSS的相同概念,一個(gè)ESS更多的關(guān)注于最終用戶的最大互動(dòng)性需求和用戶友好性
9.TheGDSSstaredoriginallyfromtheManagementInformationSystematUniversityof
Arizona.
GDSS最初起源于亞利桑那大學(xué)的管理信息系統(tǒng)。
10.Artificialintelligenceisthestudyofhowtomakecomputersdothingswhich,atthemoment,
peopledobetter.
人工智能是研究如何讓電腦做一些事情,在那個(gè)時(shí)刻,人們做得更好
Unit6
1.ERPattemptstointegratealldepartmentsandfunctionsacroacompanyontoasingle
computersystemthatcanserveallthosedifferentdepartments’particularneeds.
ERP試圖整合各部門和功能在一個(gè)公司,在一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的系統(tǒng),這個(gè)系統(tǒng)可以為所有這些不同部門的特別需求
2.Peopledon’tliketochangehowtheydotheirjobs.ThatiswhythevalueofERPissohardto
pindown.
人們不喜歡改變他們?nèi)绾瓮瓿伤麄兊墓ぷ鳌_@就是為什么ERP是如此的價(jià)值硬扣下來
3.TogetthemostfromtheERPsoftware,youhavetogetpeopleinsideyourcompanytoadopt
theworkmethodsoutlinedinthesoftware.
最大限度地從中獲取收益的ERP軟件,你必須讓人們?cè)谀銈児镜那闆r下,采用工作某市軟件
4.EvenifacompanyinstallsERPsoftwarefortheso-calledrightreasonsandeveryonecan
agreeontheoptimaldefinitionofacustomer,theinherentdifficultiesofimplementingsomethingascomplexasERPisliketeachinganelephanttodothehootchy-kootchy.
即使一家公司ERP軟件安裝的所謂正確的原因,每個(gè)人都能同意的最佳的定義的客戶,固有困難的事情,就像復(fù)雜,因?yàn)閷?shí)施ERP是像教大象來跳肚皮舞
5.ERPhelpsthemanufacturingproceflowmoresmoothly,anditimprovesvisibilityofthe
orderfulfillmentproceinsidethecompany.
ERP幫助制造流程更平穩(wěn),提高了知名度的訂單,公司內(nèi)部的實(shí)施過程。
6.Don’texpecttorevolutionizeyourbusinewithERP.Itisanavel-gazingexercisethat
focusesonoptimizingthewaythingsaredoneinternallyratherthanoncustomers,suppliersorpartners.
不要期望徹底改變你的業(yè)務(wù)與ERP。這是一個(gè)紙上談兵的鍛煉方式,著重在優(yōu)化所內(nèi)部而不是對(duì)客戶、供應(yīng)商或合作伙伴
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7.Needletosay,themovetoERPisaprojectofbreathtakingscope,andthepricetagsonthe
frontendareenoughtomakethemostplacidCFOalittletwitchy.
不用說,搬到ERP是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的驚人的范圍,而且價(jià)格標(biāo)簽的前端,足以使最平靜的CFO有點(diǎn)謹(jǐn)慎
8.WehavetreatedERPsasprojects,withtheassumptionthatsomedaytheprojectswouldend.
Butanenterprisesystemisnotaproject.It’sawayoflife.
我們我們把ERPS看成是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,并揚(yáng)言說,總有一天會(huì)結(jié)束的項(xiàng)目。但是一個(gè)企業(yè)制度不是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它是一種生活方式
9.EvenifanorganizationcoulddeclarefinalvictoryonimplementationofERPs,many
additionalyearscouldbespentingettingrealbusinevaluefromthem.
即使一個(gè)組織可以宣布最后的勝利的實(shí)現(xiàn)策略,許多額外的年電位差,就可以用來獲得真正的商業(yè)價(jià)值
10.Justascourtshipsandhoneymoonsaredifferentfrommarriages,livingwithERPsystemswill
bedifferentfrominstallingthem.
正如求愛和蜜月不同于婚姻的生活,ERP系統(tǒng)將是不同于安裝他們
Unit7
1.Structuraldesigngivesasystemthelong-termstablestructurethatcanreducediscoverycosts,localizemaintenancework,andprovideafoundationforreuse.
結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了一種系統(tǒng)的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu),可以減少成本,定位發(fā)現(xiàn)維修工作,并提供了基礎(chǔ),再使用
2.Ibelievetherearesomesimplewaystointegratethefunctionalandstructuralview.
我相信有這里有一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法來整合的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)的觀點(diǎn)
3.Mostpopularprogramminglanguagesuseclassesastheirbasicbuildingblock.
最流行的編程語言使用類為基本積木
4.Classesarethefoundationofobject-basedandobject-orientedprogramminginC++.統(tǒng)整課程的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),是面向?qū)ο缶幊讨?C++
5.Ithinkthistendencytohierarchycomesfromourneedtoorganize—andthat’sfine—butIthinkitgoestoofarinmostpopularprogramminglanguageswork.
我覺得這個(gè)傾向是來自我們的需要層次的fine-butorganize-and,我認(rèn)為它走得太遠(yuǎn)在最流行的編程語言的工作
6.Westarttoreducecomplexitybygroupingobjectstogetherintoclasses,whichisinaccordancewithhowmostpopularprogramminglanguageswork.
我們開始減少?gòu)?fù)雜性組織賓語聯(lián)合成類別,是依照最流行的編程語言如何工作
7.Theseprogramminglanguagesarepopularbecausetheyareefficient.
這些編程語言很受歡迎,因?yàn)樗麄兪怯行У?/p>
8.Becauserolesareclosertoobjects,theyareclosertothestructureofUseCasesthanclassesare.因?yàn)榻巧絹碓浇咏锲?他們更接近結(jié)構(gòu)比類的用例
9.Hierarchyhasbecomeanimportantabstractiontoolinmanydesignparadigms.
抽象層次已成為一個(gè)重要的工具,在許多的設(shè)計(jì)范例
11.Object-orientedprogramhasbecomethedominantprogrammingstyleinthesoftware
industryoverthelast10yearsorso.
面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛞殉蔀橹鲗?dǎo)的編程風(fēng)格在軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)在過去的10年左右
Unit8
1.ThegeneralprincipleinDataFlowDiagrammingisthatasystemcanbedecomposedinto
subsystems,andsubsystemscanbedecomposedintolowerlevelsubsystems,andsoon.
在數(shù)據(jù)流的一般原則是一種畫圖可以分解成子系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng),子系統(tǒng)可以分解成低等級(jí)的子系統(tǒng),等等
2.Dataentersthesystemfromtheenvironment;dataflowsbetweenprocesseswithinthesystem;
anddataisproducedasoutputfromthesystem.
數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)入系統(tǒng),從環(huán)境、數(shù)據(jù)流之間的內(nèi)部過程系統(tǒng);以及數(shù)據(jù)所做的輸出從系統(tǒng)
3.SSADMhasbeenusedbythegovernmentincomputingsinceitslaunchin1981.
SSADM一直被用作政府在計(jì)算自發(fā)布以來于1981年
4.SSADMrevolvesaroundtheuseofthreekeytechniques,namelyLogicalDataModeling,
DataFlowModelingandEntity/EventModeling.
圍繞著SSADM使用3個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),即邏輯數(shù)據(jù)建模、數(shù)據(jù)流程建模和實(shí)體/事件建模
5.TheRADapproachhasbeenusedsuccessfullyinmanyorganizationsandiscurrentlygaining
moreformalsupportwiththeadventofDSDM(DynamicSystemsDevelopmentMethod,DSDMConsortium,1995),aframeworkforRAD.
方法的RAD已經(jīng)成功地應(yīng)用在許多組織,目前正獲得更正式的支持的到來,DSDM(動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)方法,聯(lián)合體,1995),DSDM框架紅的
6.Themodelisthebasisofthemethodology’sviewoftheworld,e.g.theWaterfallandSpiral
modelsofInformationSystemsEngineering.
該模型為基礎(chǔ)的方法論的角度來看這個(gè)世界,它的例句。瀑布和螺旋模型的信息系統(tǒng)工程
7.ThescopeofamethodologydefinesitsstartandendpointswithintheISElifecycle.
一種方法論,它的范圍定義其起始點(diǎn)和終止點(diǎn)在伊的生命周期
8.TheSDLCisbasedupontwoprinciples:dividingprojectsintophases,andusingwritten
documentationandapprovalstomaintaincontrol.
在同步數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制規(guī)程(SDLC取決于兩個(gè)原則:劃分成不同階段,并利用項(xiàng)目的書面文件和審批維持控制
9.Rapidresponsemethodologiesareclearlyborneoutoftheneedforamethodologythatis
flexibleandusr-involvedwithashortimplementationschedule,yetretainscriticalcontrolsthatdonotslowdowntheprocess.
快速反應(yīng)的方法都有明確的證明了需要的一種方法是靈活的,usr-involved與短實(shí)施進(jìn)度,但又保留關(guān)鍵的控制系統(tǒng),就不要遲慢的過程
10.TheSDLCincludestenphasesduringwhichdefinedITworkproductsarecreatedor
modified.
在同步數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制規(guī)程(SDLC階段,在此期間,包括十定義其工作產(chǎn)品是創(chuàng)建或修改。Unit9
1.Abasicunderstandingofcomputernetworksisrequisiteinordertounderstandtheprinciples
ofnetworksecurity.
計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本理解是必需品,以了解原則的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全
2.TheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)OpenSystemInterconnect(OSI)Reference
Modeldefinessevenlayersofcommunicationstypes,andtheinterfacesamongthem.
國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(ISO)開放系統(tǒng)互連(OSI)參考模型定義了7層的通信接口類型,和在他們中間
3.InorderforyouandItotalkwhenwe’reoutofearshot,weneedadevicelikeatelephone.為了讓你和我說話時(shí),我們走到,我們需要一個(gè)設(shè)備就像打了一個(gè)電話。
4.Thekeytobuildingasecurenetworkistodefinewhatsecuritymeanstoyourorganization.建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵所在是為了定義一個(gè)安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全意味著什么對(duì)你的組織
5.AsimplenetworkcanbeconstructedusingthesameprotocolsandsuchthattheInternetuses
withoutactuallyconnectingittoanythingelse.
建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵所在是為了定義一個(gè)安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全意味著什么對(duì)你的組織
6.TheInternetismadeupofawidevarietyofhosts,fromsupercomputerstopersonal
computers,includingeveryimaginabletypeofhardwareandsoftware.
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是由各種各樣的主機(jī),從超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)到個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī),包括各種類型的硬件和軟件
7.UDP(UserDatagramProtocol)isasimpletransport-layerprotocol.
UDP(用戶數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)議)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的transport-layer協(xié)議
8.Afirewallissimplyagroupofcomponentsthatcollectivelyformabarrierbetweenan
organization’sintranetandtheInternet.
防火墻是簡(jiǎn)單的一組部件之間的障礙,集體形式組織的局域網(wǎng)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
9.Routerisaspecialpurposecomputerforconnectingnetworkstogether.
路由器是一種特殊用途的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接在一起
10.Ifmodemacceistobeprovided,Dial-BackSystemsshouldbeguardedcarefully.如果接入調(diào)制解調(diào)器是,提供Dial-Back制度,應(yīng)小心看守
Unit10
http://www.zzlgroo.com rmationisneededtoaccountforthegeneralbudgetaryrequirementsandfundreporting.
需要信息占總體預(yù)算要求和基金的報(bào)告
2.Thewholepurposeofadatabaseistherepresentationofthephysicalworld.Theaccuracyof
therepresentationdependsonthedesignofthedatabasesystem.
一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的唯一目的是表現(xiàn)的物質(zhì)世界。代表的準(zhǔn)確性取決于設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)
3.Managementrequiresdetaildata.Managementneedstoknowwhyaparticularindicatoristhe
valuethatithas.
管理要求明細(xì)資料。管理需要知道為什么一個(gè)特定的指標(biāo)是它所具有的價(jià)值
4.Thefilesystemthatcomeswithyourcomputerisaveryprimitivekinkofdatabase
managementsystem.
文件系統(tǒng)是有你的計(jì)算機(jī)是一種非常原始的糾結(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)。
5.Onefacetofadatabasemanagementsystemisprocessinginserts,updates,anddeletes.
其中一個(gè)方面的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng),是處理插入,更新和刪除
6.InSQL,theprogrammersays“Iwantdatathatmeetthefollowingcriteria”andtheRDBMS
queryplannerfiguresouthowtogetit.
在SQL,程序員說“我要符合下列條件的數(shù)據(jù),這些數(shù)據(jù)查詢規(guī)劃師”與RDBMS想出如何得到它
7.Arelationaldatabaseisabigspreadsheetthatseveralpeoplecanupdatesimultaneously.
關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是一個(gè)很大的試算表,這幾個(gè)人就能更新,同時(shí)進(jìn)行
8.Problemsthataredifficultinimperativecomputerlanguagescanbeverysimpleina
declarativelanguagesuchasSQLandviceversa.
在必要的問題有困難可以非常簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算機(jī)語言在聲明性語言如SQL,反之亦然
9.ThemostpracticaldatabasemanagementsoftwareforWebsitesisarelationaldatabase
managementsystemwithafull-textindexer.
最實(shí)用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理軟件的網(wǎng)站是一個(gè)關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)和全文搜索速率
10.Ifyoucanprogramaspreadsheet,youcanprogramanRDBMSinSQL.
如果你可以計(jì)劃一個(gè)表格,你可以計(jì)劃一個(gè)RDBMS,在SQL
Unit11
1.Thescientificmanagementmethodhasbroughtaboutmanychangesinfactoryproduction.
科學(xué)管理方法為工廠生產(chǎn)帶來了很多改變
2.Canyoudistinguishbetweenthosetwokindsofmanagements?
你能區(qū)分哪兩種管理嗎?
3.Projectmanagementismission-orientedandisdifferentfromthegeneralmanagementof
cooperation.
項(xiàng)目管理是面向任務(wù)的,它不同于一般的企業(yè)管理
4.Abusinecan`tdowellwithoutgoodmanagement.
沒有好的管理生意是不可能做好的
5.Thisisagovernment-fundedirrigationproject.
這是由政府出資的灌溉工程
6.Thisprojectorganizationwasdismissedwhenthemissionwasaccomplished.
當(dāng)這個(gè)任務(wù)完成后,項(xiàng)目組就解散
7.She`sverycapableandhasbecomequiteindispensabletothecompany.
她很能干已經(jīng)成為公司里少不了的人了.
8.Thetime,laborandcostrequiredforthewholeprojectmaybelethantheestimates.
整個(gè)工程需要的時(shí)間,人工費(fèi)用也許比估計(jì)的要少些.
9.Projectmanagementandgeneralmanagementofbusinesharemanysimilarities.
項(xiàng)目管理和一般的企業(yè)管理有很多的共同點(diǎn).
10.Fundsareessentialtothecompletionoftheproject.
資金對(duì)于項(xiàng)目的完成十分重要.
Unit12
1.Electroniccommerceisemergingconceptthatdescribestheproceofbuyingandsellingofexchangingofproducts,services,andinformationviacomputernetworksincludingtheInternet.電子商務(wù)是一種新的概念,它描述了通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(包括Internet),進(jìn)行買賣、交換商品、服務(wù)與信息的過程。
2.Electroniccommerceenablesmoreindividualstoworkathomeandtodoletravelingforshopping,resultinginletrafficontheroadandlowerairpollution.
電子商務(wù)使更多的個(gè)人能夠在家工作并且做較少的旅行購(gòu)物,這使得道路交通更通暢,空氣污染程度也更低。
3.Theadventofsailingshipsinancienttimes,themorerecentinventionoftheprintingpress,thesteamengine,andthetelephoneallchangedthewayinwhichpeopleconductedcommerceactivities.
古代帆船的出現(xiàn)和以后的一些發(fā)明,如印刷術(shù)、蒸汽機(jī)以及電話等都改變著人們處理商業(yè)交易的方式。
4.AlthoughE-commercehasincreasedthespeedofdeliveryanddispersionofcommercialproductsandservices,therearecertainthingsitcannotimproveorchange.
盡管電子商務(wù)提高了配送商品與服務(wù)的速度,但對(duì)有些商品的銷售,電子商務(wù)則無能為力。
5.AnintranetiscorporatenetworkthatfunctionswithInternettechnologies,suchasbrowsers,usinginternetprotocols.
內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)是企業(yè)組織內(nèi)部網(wǎng),它使用Internet技術(shù),諸如瀏覽器與Internet協(xié)議。
6.Electroniccommerceissharingbusineinformation,maintainingbusinerelationships,andconductingtransactionsbymeansoftelecommunicationsnetworks.
電子商務(wù)通過電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享商業(yè)信息,保持商務(wù)關(guān)系,并且進(jìn)行商業(yè)交易。
7.Thegrowthofelectroniccommercewilldependonbetterpaymentsystemsandmostimportantly,theconfidenceofconsumersintheWeb’ssecurity.
電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展將依賴更好的付費(fèi)系統(tǒng),更為重要的是,顧客對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的信心。
8.Virtualtravelagencieswillofferyoualmostalltheservicesyouwillfindinaconventionaltravelagency,rangingfrominformationtoreservationandpurchasingofticketsforyourtrips,accommodationsandentertainment.
虛擬旅行中介能夠提供幾乎所有傳統(tǒng)旅行中介可以提供的服務(wù),從有關(guān)旅行的信息,到預(yù)約和購(gòu)買旅行所需的門票、住宿及娛樂。
http://www.zzlgroo.com ernetelectroniccommerceprovidescustomerswiththechancetocustomizemanyoftheproductsorservicesofferedbymerchants.
因特網(wǎng)電子商務(wù)為用戶提供定制由商人提供的大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。
10.Electroniccommerceisverymuchseenasthecoredriverbehindthedevelopmentoftheinformationeconomy,andisthesourceofmanyofthebenefits.
電子商務(wù)更多被視為躲在信息經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展后面的核心驅(qū)動(dòng)力,是大多數(shù)利潤(rùn)的來源。
財(cái)務(wù)管理專業(yè)英語句子及單詞翻譯
Financialmanagementisanintegrateddecision-makingproceconcernedwithacquiring,financing,andmanagingassetstoaccomplishsomeoverallgoalwithinabusineentity.
財(cái)務(wù)管理是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)公司總體目標(biāo)而進(jìn)行的涉及到獲娶融資和資產(chǎn)管理的綜合決策過程。
Decisionsliabilitiesinvolvingrefertoaworkingfirm’scapitalshort-termmanagement.assetsand決斷涉及一個(gè)公司的短期的資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債提到營(yíng)運(yùn)資金管理
Theright-handfirm’ http://www.zzlgroo.com cisionsconcernthe該公司的長(zhǎng)期融資決斷股份資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的右邊。
Thisaffectsiscompany.
theanfinancialimportantriskdecisionfacedasbythethelegalownersstructureofthe這是一個(gè)重要的決定作為法律結(jié)構(gòu)影響金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)面對(duì)附近的的業(yè)主的公司。
Themanagement(executiveboardincludesindividualssomedirectors),butmembersoftop
directors).
fromoutsidethecompany(non-executiveshouldalsoinclude董事會(huì)包括有些隸屬于高層管理人員(執(zhí)行董事),但將也包括個(gè)體從外公司(非執(zhí)行董事)。
Maximizationstockholdersofshareholderwealthfocusesonlyencompassescommonwhereasallfinancialmaximizationoffirmvalueonstockholders.
stockholders,debtclaimholdersholders,andpreferredincluding股東財(cái)富最大化只集中于股東,而企業(yè)價(jià)值最大化包含所有的財(cái)務(wù)債券持有者,包括普通股股東,債權(quán)人和優(yōu)先股股東。
Givenmaximizationthesestakeholdersassumptionsandisconsistent,societyinshareholders’withthethelongbestwealthrun。interests
of根據(jù)這些假設(shè),從長(zhǎng)期來看,股東財(cái)富最大化與利益相關(guān)者和社會(huì)的最好利潤(rùn)是相一致的。
Nocomprehensivecompetingtheseconsistentassumptions,shareholders’wealthmeasureameasurethatofcanafirm’sprovideas
maximizationstanding.Givenissocietyinthelongwiththerun.
bestinterestsofstakeholdersand沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)措施,能提供由于全面的一個(gè)措施的一個(gè)公司的站。給這些臆說,股東'財(cái)富最大化一貫不比任何人差項(xiàng)目干系人項(xiàng)目利益相關(guān)者的利益,社會(huì)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)說來。
Inshareholders,andreality,managersandfinancingdecisionschoosemayignoretheinterestsof
thatinsteadbenefittomakethemselves.
investment在現(xiàn)實(shí)中,經(jīng)理可能忽視股東的利益,而是選擇利于自身的投資和融資決策。
Financialofstakeholders(otherinformationstatementsfromareprobablytheimportantsourcefirm’sfinancialhealth.thanwhich
management)canthesevariousassess
a財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表可能是最重要的信息來源,除管理者以外的各種利益相關(guān)者可以利用這些報(bào)表來評(píng)估一個(gè)公司的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。
Thecommonstockholders’equitysectionlistspreferredretainedstockearnings.
andcapitalsurplusandaccumulatedstock,股東權(quán)益列示有優(yōu)先股,普通股,資本盈余和累積留存收益。
Theassets,whicharethe“things”thecompanyowns,arelistedintheorderofdecreasingliquidity,orlengthoftimeittypicallytakestoconvertthemtocashatfairmarketvalues,beginningwiththefirm’scurrentassets.
資產(chǎn),也就是公司擁有的東西,是按照流動(dòng)性遞減的順序或?qū)⑺鼈冝D(zhuǎn)換為公允市場(chǎng)價(jià)值所需要的時(shí)間來排列的,通常從流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)開始。Themarketvalueofafirm’sequityisequaltothenumberofsharesofcommonstockoutstandingtimesthepricepershare,whiletheamounthecumulativeamountthefirmraisedwhenissuingcommontreportedonthefirm’sbalancesheetisbasicallystockandanyreinvestednetincome(retainedearnings).
公司權(quán)益的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值等于其發(fā)行在外的普通股份數(shù)乘以每股價(jià)格,而資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的總額則主要是公司在發(fā)行普通股以及分配任何再投資凈收益(留存收益)時(shí)累積的數(shù)額。
Whendepreciationcomparedearlyexpenseyearsbuthasofhigherassettoloweracceleratednetlife,whichdepreciationmethods,straight-lineincome.
tendsexpensetoainhigherthe
tax與加速折舊法相比,直線折舊法在資產(chǎn)使用年限的早期折舊費(fèi)用較低,這也會(huì)趨向于較高的稅金費(fèi)用和較高的凈收入。Thestatementofcashsections:(1)operatingcashflowsconsistsofthree
and(3)financingbringactivitiesincashflows.flows,(2)investingActivitiesineachareacashflows,thatcash.
thatcashinvolverepresentspendingsourcescashofcashareuseswhileof該聲明現(xiàn)金流量表包含三個(gè)部分:(1)經(jīng)營(yíng)現(xiàn)金流,(2)投資的現(xiàn)金流,(3)融資現(xiàn)金流。在每個(gè)地區(qū)活動(dòng)帶來現(xiàn)金來源的現(xiàn)金而代表活動(dòng)涉及到花錢是使用現(xiàn)金
Financingrepaymentsactivitiesandcashdividendorretirements,stockincludenewpayments.
salesdebtissuances,debtandrepurchases,籌資活動(dòng),包括發(fā)行新債券,償還債務(wù),股票銷售和回購(gòu),以及現(xiàn)金股利支付。
Not$750millionsurprisingly,Enron’sexecutivesoptionsinthe12monthsinsalaries,bonusesandhadprofitsrealizedfromsomestockbankrupt.
beforethecompanywent毫不奇怪,公司破產(chǎn)前的十二個(gè)月里,安然的高管們實(shí)現(xiàn)了7.5億美金的工資、獎(jiǎng)金和股票期權(quán)利潤(rùn)。First,financialthearemanyfinancialratiostextbooksarenotstandardized.Aandothersourcesperusalofcalculateavailablesomewillratios.oftenshowdifferencesinhowthatto首先,財(cái)務(wù)比率不規(guī)范。一個(gè)參考的許多金融教科書及來源,可將經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)出差異如何計(jì)算一些率。
Liquidityobligationsratiosintheindicateshortrun.
afirm’sabilitytopayits流動(dòng)性比率表明公司的支付能力在短期內(nèi)它的義務(wù)。
Excessivelyfirmhighcurrentratios,however,mayindicateinvestor-suppliedcapitalmayhavetoomuchofitslong-term
acurrentassets.
investedinshort-termlow-earning當(dāng)前的比率過高,然而,可能表明,一個(gè)公司可能有太多的長(zhǎng)期investor-suppliedInaninflationary資本投資于短期first-out(LIFO)inventoryenvironment,firmslow-earningthat流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)use
currentvaluationwilllikelyhavelast-in,
lowerfirst-out(FIFO).
ratiosthanfirmsthatusefirst-in,在一個(gè)通貨膨脹的環(huán)境下,企業(yè)選擇使用后進(jìn)先出法對(duì)存貨計(jì)價(jià)的公司比采用先進(jìn)先出法的公司有一個(gè)低的流動(dòng)比率。
Thereflectcashthatafirm’sratioliquidityistooconservativepositionbecausetoaccuratelycashfirmsandmarketablecanfundtheiritassumessecurities.
currentliabilitieswithonly流動(dòng)比率太穩(wěn)健不能正確反映一個(gè)公司的流動(dòng)性狀況,因?yàn)樵谶@一比率假定公司僅僅用現(xiàn)金和有價(jià)證券就可以償還流動(dòng)負(fù)債。
Debtofprovidetherelativemanagementmixratiosofdebtcharacterizeafirmintermsabilityofmeasuresthefirm.
ofthelong-termandequitydebtfinancingpayingand描述一個(gè)公司債務(wù)管理比率從相對(duì)的混合的債務(wù)和股權(quán)融資的措施,提供長(zhǎng)期償債能力的公司。
Totalequity,andcapitalthusincludesexcludesallshort-termnon-currentdebt.
liabilitiesplus資本總額包括所有非流動(dòng)負(fù)債加上股本,從而排除短期貸款。Netindustry.
profitmarginsvarywidelybythetypeof有著很大的不同,其凈利潤(rùn)為典型的產(chǎn)業(yè)。
Notethaninterestthatnetincome,Isearningsbeforeusedininterestthenumeratorandtaxes,ratherbecauseabilitytaxes.
toispaypaidcurrentwithpre-taxinterestdollars,andisnotaffectedthefirm’sby注意,分子中用的是息稅前利潤(rùn)而不是凈收入,這是因?yàn)槔⑹嵌惽爸Ц兜模局Ц冬F(xiàn)金利息的能力不受稅收的影響。
Managersincreasedshouldanalyzethetradeoffbetweenanyandandtheassociatedsalesfromcostsamoreoflongerlenientcollectioncreditpolicywhethermoreincreasechanginguncollectedshareholder’sthereceivableswefirm’salth.
credittosalesdetermineperiodspolicy
could管理者應(yīng)該分析權(quán)衡增加的銷售從一個(gè)更為寬松的信貸政策和相關(guān)費(fèi)用較長(zhǎng)的周期和更多的應(yīng)收賬款收集來決定是否改變公司的信用銷售的政策可能會(huì)增加股東的財(cái)富。
Ifcreditthereceivablescollectionperiodexceedsafirm’sineffectivetermscredittomarginalinthiscollectingmaycustomers.
indicateitscreditthatsalesafirmorisisgranting
如果應(yīng)收賬款采集時(shí)間超過公司的信用條款這也許說明了企業(yè)信用銷售收集它無效或給予客戶信用邊緣。
Acontinuedlow,decliningratiomaysuggesttheweakeningoutdatedtodemandbuildorupinventoryinthefirmfacehasof
soldatreducedorobsoleteprices,ifinventorymaybeatall.
thatcarryingcouldandonlyreportingbe一個(gè)低稅率、下降率可能顯示這個(gè)公司已經(jīng)持續(xù)不斷地加強(qiáng)庫(kù)存面對(duì)需求不斷減弱或可能攜帶和報(bào)告過期或過時(shí)的庫(kù)存,只能減價(jià)出售。Thus,theoperatingmeasuresoperatingprofitprofitmargin,whichindicatesthefinancinggeneratedperdollarofnetsales,costs.
thefirm’soperatingprofitabilitybefore因此,經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn),預(yù)示著美元營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)產(chǎn)生的凈銷售額,公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)措施在融資成本。
Ifdepreciatedthefirm’sfixedassetsareoldandhavebeen
notdenominatorlosttheirtowillaproductivelowbookinflateROA.
ability,thelowvalue,andthefigureintheassetshave如果公司固定資產(chǎn)比較舊,分母的減少會(huì)是ROA折舊到低的賬面價(jià)值,但是資產(chǎn)并沒有失去生產(chǎn)能力。
Returnreturnoncommonequity(ROCE)focusesonjusttheremovingtonetthecommondividendsshareholderstopreferredandisshareholderscomputedfrombycommonincomeshareholders.
anddividingbythecapitalprovidedby普通股權(quán)益報(bào)酬率僅僅關(guān)注普通股股東的報(bào)酬率,用凈收入扣除優(yōu)先股股利除以普通股股東提供的資本計(jì)算得到。
Dividendreturn;anotheryieldappreciation.
partrepresentsofapartsstock’softotalastock’sreturntotalisprice
代表部分股息率的股票總回報(bào);另一部分是一個(gè)股票的總回報(bào)價(jià)格上漲。
Inmorefact,ofalltheconceptsusedinfinance,noneiscalledimportantdiscountedthancashtheflow(DCF)analysis.
timevalueofmoney,also事實(shí)上,財(cái)務(wù)上所有的概念中,貨幣時(shí)間價(jià)值是最重要的,也稱作是折現(xiàn)調(diào)整現(xiàn)金流量折價(jià)分析。
Thus,investorsbearingprinciplesandtherequiretimecompensationvalueofmoney.Theseforbothrisktwodecision-makinglieatconcepts.
theheartofthefinancial因此,投資者需要為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)和貨幣時(shí)間價(jià)值提供補(bǔ)償,這兩個(gè)原則的核心在于財(cái)務(wù)決策的概念。
Interestbaseratesareinvestments.
ratestodrawalsocomparisonoftenusedtoasalternativeriskleriskieror利率也常常作為無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)利率或基準(zhǔn)利率來對(duì)可替代的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資進(jìn)行比較。
Mostoperatepersonalonaloans,mortgagescompoundingbasis.
andcreditcards大多數(shù)個(gè)人貸款、抵押貸款和信用卡是以復(fù)利計(jì)息的。
Therefore,theistoreducetothecorrectdiscountingadjustmentfactorforbyanoneannuityandtoduestream.
thereducedcalculationanon-discountedcashflowadd因此,正確的調(diào)整年金是為了減少由于貼現(xiàn)因子,增加減少的一個(gè)non-discountedIfrate,theinterest計(jì)算現(xiàn)金流量
bondrateswillmovesellabove(below)thebelow(above)itsbond’ http://www.zzlgroo.com upon如果利率移動(dòng)高(低)債券的票面利率,債券將出售低于(以上)其票面金額.
Ifperiod,asanannuitynotbeginitspaymentinwithdeferredanordinarywithandue,thenordinaryitannuity,orisimmediately,asthefirststreamsubsequentannuity-antoannuitythefirstthatperiod.
beginsclassifieditsascasha
flow如果一項(xiàng)年金不像普通年金那樣在第一期支付,也不像預(yù)付年金那樣馬上支付,那么我們就把它劃分為遞延年金,這種年金在第一期后的期間支付。
Thehighereffectivewhenyear.
interestthantherateofaninvestmentwillalwaysbeisnominalcompoundedorstatedmoreinterestthanoncerateper當(dāng)利息用復(fù)利計(jì)算一年多于一年的時(shí)候,一項(xiàng)投資的有效利率將永遠(yuǎn)比名義利率高。
Nonetheless,intrinsicdeterminingwhencomparedwhethervaluetoitstomarketbuyservesorvaluesellasabasisfor
aorfinancialprice.asset盡管如此,內(nèi)在價(jià)值作為基礎(chǔ),與市場(chǎng)價(jià)值或價(jià)格作比較,來決定是否購(gòu)買或賣出一項(xiàng)金融資產(chǎn)。
Thetherelatedamountvalueoftotheofaamountexpectedfinancialofcashassetisdirectlyrelatedtorisk.
flows,butinversely一項(xiàng)金融資產(chǎn)的價(jià)值與期望的現(xiàn)金流量正相關(guān),與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度負(fù)相關(guān)。Iffallinterestratesincrease,causingthebackbelowtothepar,theissuerbondholderatparormayahighersellbondthepriceprice.
bondto如果利率上升,導(dǎo)致債券價(jià)格跌破面值,場(chǎng)所將該債券交付可能賣債券回發(fā)行人的面值,或一個(gè)更高的價(jià)格。
Inaclaimthecaseofpledgedontotheotherassetsunsecuredsecurities.
thatdebt,thetheissuerbondholdershasnothave就信用借貸來說,債券所有人對(duì)發(fā)行人未抵押給其他擔(dān)保人的資產(chǎn)有要求全。
Anratinginverseoryieldandtoqualityrelationshipmaturity.
ofagenerallybondandexistsitsbetweeninteresttherate評(píng)級(jí)和債券的質(zhì)量與利息率或到期收益率程相反關(guān)系。
Commontheirstockholdersareafterandclaimpreferredsatisfyingtoearningsandtheassetsresidualisownerswhatremainsbecausestockholders.
thepriorclaimofvariouscreditors普通股股東是剩余所有者,這是因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)收益和資產(chǎn)的要求權(quán)是在滿足各債權(quán)人和優(yōu)先股股東優(yōu)先選擇權(quán)后剩余的。
Inbutsomeinstances,existingstockholderspurchasenotthecompanytheofallobligation,tosells.
newsharesshareofcommonproportionatelyhavethestockinright,thatthe在某些情況下,現(xiàn)有的股東也有這個(gè)權(quán)利,但不是義務(wù),在購(gòu)買比例分享所有新股的公司的普通股票賣出。
Futuredividendcashprice(gainspaymentsflowsorlosses)overmayand/orbechangesinthetheholdinginformtheofperiod.
stock’scash未來現(xiàn)金流的形式可能是現(xiàn)金股利支付和/或改變股票的價(jià)格(收益或虧損)控股的時(shí)期
Itinfinitesuggestsinvestorsmustvaluevalueatandofthethencommonrequireddiscountforecastthembackdividendstopresentto
stock.
rateofreturntoestimatethe建議投資者必須預(yù)測(cè)派發(fā)股息的無限,然后他們回到現(xiàn)值折扣在所需的收益率的估計(jì)價(jià)值普通股。
Theriskiergreatertheinvestmentthevariabilityis.
ofthepossiblereturns,the大的可變性的回報(bào),投資將會(huì)有冒險(xiǎn)性。
Investmentactuallyrisk,then,isrelatedtothethechanceearninginvestment.
ofaalowloworornegativenegativethereturn,thereturn-theprobabilityriskiergreaterof投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn),然后,涉及的概率低或者消極實(shí)際獲得回報(bào),更大的機(jī)會(huì)或負(fù)回報(bào)低,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資。
Thisasstandardtwoassumptionparameters,thegreatlyexpectedsimplifiesreturn(mean)andinvestmentanalysis,thecompletelydeviation(orfinancialreturns.
describethevariance),areprobabilitysufficientdistributionto
ofall這個(gè)假設(shè),極大地簡(jiǎn)化了投資分析的兩個(gè)參數(shù),預(yù)期回報(bào)(平均)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(或方差),能夠完整地描述所有財(cái)務(wù)回報(bào)的概率分布。
Financialbeingtheorytypicallyconsidersrisk-averse.Aviewsdecisionmakersascompensationariskyrisk-aversedecisionmakerforriskinvestmentthroughonlyariskifitpremium.
provides金融理論的觀點(diǎn)是典型的決策者風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。一規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資決策者認(rèn)為只有當(dāng)它提供補(bǔ)償風(fēng)險(xiǎn)通過風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溢價(jià)。
Rationalsomeconstraintsobjectivebehaviorthatfunction-theirmeansthattheyface.
utilityindividualsfunction-undermaximize
the理性行為意味著個(gè)人一些目標(biāo)函數(shù)最大化效用函數(shù)下-他們的效用函數(shù)-他們所面臨的約束條件的。
Inforreality,itisorindividualprobablyorretailmoreinvestorslikelyastobetrueonlystocksinstitutionalasopposedinvestors,andtothinlyfortradedfrequentlyopposedstocks.
tradedtolarge事實(shí)上,它可能是更有可能是真的只是為了個(gè)人或散戶投資者反對(duì)大或機(jī)構(gòu)投資者的交易,因?yàn)楹芏喙善苯灰追磳?duì)稀疏的股票。Basedmarket,Fama(1970)distinguishesonthetypeinformationinformationallyefficientmarkets.
threeavailableformstoofthe基于類型資料提供給市場(chǎng),現(xiàn)有(1970)區(qū)分成三種形式的信息的有效率的市常
Banks,insurancefinancialdiversifiedinstitutionscompanies,mutualportfolios.
arerequiredfunds,andbylawtootherhold銀行、保險(xiǎn)公司、基金和其他金融機(jī)構(gòu)依法舉辦多種組合。
Astheanumberrule, http://www.zzlgroo.com clineas一般來說,投資組合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)下降股票的數(shù)目在組合增加。
Theisbecalledparteliminateddiversifiableofastock’siscalledrisk,whileriskthatcanbeeliminatedmarketrisk.
thepartthatcannot部分股票的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以省略,被稱為可分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而無法消除的部分叫做市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Inaddinggeneral,theanswerisno,buttheextenttowhichinsmallerthestocksdegreetoofaportfolioreducesitsriskdependstherisktheinpositivecorrelationalargecorrelationamongportfolio.
coefficients,thestocks:thethelower通常來說,答案是否定的,但是向證券投資組合中增加股票種類能使風(fēng)險(xiǎn)減小的程度取決于組合中股票的關(guān)聯(lián)性:正相關(guān)系數(shù)越小,一個(gè)大的證券投資組合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越低。
Inindividualtherealworld,wherethe+1.0,some,butstocksnotarecorrelationsamongtheall,riskgenerallycanpositiveeliminated.
butlethan在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中,在相關(guān)個(gè)股通常是積極的,但是低于+1.0,有些,但不是全部,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)消除。
Yousecurities,thefindoutbereduced,withouttotalthatriskbyreducingcombiningofthetheinvestmenttwoorexpectedmore
pay-off.
canactually你發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)合兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的證券,總投資者的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)減少,而不減少預(yù)期的收益。
MostannualpublictheshareholderSecuritiesreportsfirms。annualandTheseinExchangetheincludeUnited(US)preparetworeport。
Commissiontheannual(SECreport)andtothe在美國(guó)大多數(shù)上市公司都準(zhǔn)備兩份年度報(bào)告,這包括給證券交易委員會(huì)的一份,和給股東的一份。
Theowners’(stockholders’)equitybalancesheetreportsafirm’sattheendofareportingasperiod.
ofagivenassets,anddate,usually
資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表報(bào)告的是特定日期公司的資產(chǎn),負(fù)債和所有者權(quán)益,通常是在報(bào)告期末。
Netbecauseincomeandactualnetcashflowmayfortherecognizingaccountantstreatmentofrevenuesusedepreciationanandaccrualaccountingdifferprocess
expenses,andandtaxes.
becauseof凈利潤(rùn)和實(shí)際的凈現(xiàn)金流量可能不同,這是因?yàn)闀?huì)計(jì)人員用應(yīng)機(jī)制會(huì)計(jì)過程來確認(rèn)收入和費(fèi)用,也可能是因?yàn)閷?duì)折舊和稅收的處理不同。
Usestheshareholderwealthmaximizationtotakethegoal,bothhassupportedtheenterpriseoperationpropertyrightfoundation,andsufficientlyconsidersandhasrespectedtheenterprisefunder(shareholder)thereasonablebenefit,causestheentireenterprisemanagementandoperationtosetupinonemayholdwithabovetherealityfoundation.“shareholderwealthmaximization”managesfinancesthegoalinAtthesametime,
thecapitalmarketdevelopedenvironment,alsoisadvantageousforthebalanceandtheoperation,thefeasibilityisstrongest.
financialmanagementdecision-making財(cái)務(wù)管理acquire決策,決策的publiclytradedcorporations獲得,取得
vicepresidentoffinancechieffinancialofficer財(cái)務(wù)副總裁公開上市公司公眾chiefexecutiveofficer首席財(cái)務(wù)官balancesheet首席執(zhí)行官capitalbudgeting資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表workingcapitalmanagement資本預(yù)算
hurdlerate營(yíng)運(yùn)資本管理capitalstructure最低報(bào)酬率mixofdebtandequity資本結(jié)構(gòu)
cashdividendstockholder現(xiàn)金股利負(fù)債與股票的組合dividendpolicy股東
dividend-payoutratio股利政策
stockrepurchase股利支付率stockofferingtradeoff股票發(fā)行股票回購(gòu)commonstock權(quán)衡,折中currentliabilitycurrentasset普通股流動(dòng)負(fù)債marketablesecurity流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)
inventorytangiblefixedassets存貨
流動(dòng)性資產(chǎn),有價(jià)證券intangiblefixedassets有形固定資產(chǎn)patenttrademark專利無形固定資產(chǎn)creditor
商標(biāo)stockholders’equity債權(quán)人financingmixriskaversion融資組合
股東權(quán)益volatility風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避allocate易變性不穩(wěn)定性capitalallocation配置
businefinancialrisk企業(yè)商業(yè)資本配置業(yè)務(wù)soleproprietorship財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)partnership
limitedpartner合伙制企業(yè)私人業(yè)主制企業(yè)generalpartner有限責(zé)任合伙人
separationofownershipandcontrol一般合伙人
claimmanagementbuyout要求主張要求權(quán)所有權(quán)與經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)分離tenderoffer管理層收購(gòu)
financialstandards要約收購(gòu)initialpublicoffering財(cái)務(wù)準(zhǔn)則
privatecorporationcloselyheldcorporation私募公司首次公開發(fā)行股票
未上市公司boardofdirectors控股公司executivedirectornon-executivedirector董事會(huì)執(zhí)行董事
chairperson非執(zhí)行董事controllertreasurer主計(jì)長(zhǎng)主席revenueprofitearningspershare利潤(rùn)收入司庫(kù)
return每股盈余marketshare回報(bào)
socialgood市場(chǎng)份額financialdistress社會(huì)福利
stakeholdertheory財(cái)務(wù)困境value(wealth)maximization利益相關(guān)者理論
commonstockholderpreferredstockholder普通股股東價(jià)值(財(cái)富)最大化debtholderwell-being優(yōu)先股股東diversity福利債權(quán)人goingconcern多樣化agencyproblem持續(xù)的free-ridingproblem代理問題
informationasymmetry搭便車問題retailinvestorinstitutionalinvestor散戶投資者信息不對(duì)稱
agencyrelationshipnetpresentvalue代理關(guān)系機(jī)構(gòu)投資者creativeaccounting凈現(xiàn)值
stockoptionagencycost股票期權(quán)創(chuàng)造性會(huì)計(jì)bondingcost代理成本monitoringcosts契約成本takeover監(jiān)督成本corporateannualreports接管
balancesheet公司年報(bào)incomestatement資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表statementofcashflows利潤(rùn)表
statementofretainedearnings現(xiàn)金流量表fairmarketvalue留存收益表
marketablesecurities公允市場(chǎng)價(jià)值check油價(jià)證券moneyorder支票
withdrawal撥款但、匯款單accountsreceivable提款
creditsale應(yīng)收賬款inventorypropertyplantandequipment存貨賒銷
depreciation折舊土地、廠房與設(shè)備accumulateddepreciationliability累計(jì)折舊currentliability負(fù)債
long-termliability流動(dòng)負(fù)債accountspayoutnotepayout應(yīng)付賬款長(zhǎng)期負(fù)債accruedexpense應(yīng)付票據(jù)
deferredtaxpreferredstock遞延稅款應(yīng)計(jì)費(fèi)用commonstockbookvalue普通股優(yōu)先股capitalsurplus賬面價(jià)值accumulatedretainedearnings資本盈余
hybrid累計(jì)留存收益treasurystock混合金融工具h(yuǎn)istoriccost庫(kù)藏股currentmarketvalue歷史成本
realestateoutstanding房地產(chǎn)
現(xiàn)行市場(chǎng)價(jià)值aprofitandlostatement發(fā)行在外的
netincome損益表operatingincome凈利潤(rùn)
earningspershare經(jīng)營(yíng)收益simplecapitalstructure每股收益
dilutivebasicearningspershare沖減每股收益的
簡(jiǎn)單資本結(jié)構(gòu)complexcapitalstructures基本每股收益dilutedearningspershare復(fù)雜的每股收益convertiblesecurities稀釋的每股收益warrantaccrualaccounting認(rèn)股權(quán)證
可轉(zhuǎn)換證券amortization應(yīng)計(jì)制會(huì)計(jì)acceleratedmethods攤銷
straight-linedepreciation加速折舊法
statementofchangesinshareholders直線折舊法
sourceofcashuseofcash現(xiàn)金來源’equity股東權(quán)益變動(dòng)表operatingcashflows現(xiàn)金運(yùn)用
cashflowfromoperations經(jīng)營(yíng)現(xiàn)金流directmethod經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)現(xiàn)金流
indirectmethod直接法bottom-upapproach間接法
investingcashflows倒推法cashflowfrominvesting投資現(xiàn)金流jointventure投資活動(dòng)現(xiàn)金流
affiliatefinancingcashflows分支機(jī)構(gòu)合資企業(yè)
cashflowsfromfinancing籌資現(xiàn)金流
timevalueofmoneysimpleinterest貨幣時(shí)間價(jià)值籌資活動(dòng)現(xiàn)金流debtinstrument單利annuity債務(wù)工具
futurevalue年金
presentvalue終值compoundinterest現(xiàn)值
compoundingprincipal復(fù)利計(jì)算復(fù)利mortgage本金creditcard抵押terminalvalue信用卡discountingdiscountrate折現(xiàn)計(jì)算終值opportunitycost折現(xiàn)率
requiredrateofreturn機(jī)會(huì)成本costofcapital要求的報(bào)酬率
ordinaryannuity資本成本annuitydue普通年金financialratio先付年金
deferredannuity財(cái)務(wù)比率restrictivecovenants遞延年金perpetuity限制性條款
bondindenture永續(xù)年金facevalue債券契約
financialanalyst面值
liquidityratiocouponrate息票利率財(cái)務(wù)分析師nominalinterestrate流動(dòng)性比率
currentratio名義利率
effectiveinterestrate流動(dòng)比率windowdressinggoing-concernvalue賬面粉飾有效利率
marketablesecurities持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)價(jià)值quickratioliquidationvalue清算價(jià)值短期證券
bookvalue速動(dòng)比率cashratio現(xiàn)金比率賬面價(jià)值
debtmanagementratiosmarkervalue市場(chǎng)價(jià)值
intrinsicvaluedebtratio內(nèi)在價(jià)值債務(wù)管理比率mispricing債務(wù)比率debt-to-equityratio給……錯(cuò)定價(jià)格
valuationapproach債務(wù)與權(quán)益比率equitymultiplierdiscountedcashflowvaluation權(quán)益乘估價(jià)方法數(shù)
long-termratioundervaluation長(zhǎng)期比率折現(xiàn)現(xiàn)金流量模型debt-to-total-capital低估
overvaluation高估
債務(wù)與全部資本比率
leverageratios杠桿比率option-pricingmodel期權(quán)定價(jià)模型
interestcoverageratio利息保障比率contingentclaimvaluation或有要求權(quán)估價(jià)
earningsbeforeinterestandtaxes息稅前利潤(rùn)promissorynote本票
cashflowcoverageratio現(xiàn)金流量保障比率contractualprovision契約條款
assetmanagementratios資產(chǎn)管理比率parvalue票面價(jià)值
accountsreceivableturnoverratio應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率maturityvalue到期價(jià)值
inventoryturnoverratio存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率coupon息票利息
inventoryprocessingperiod存貨周轉(zhuǎn)期couponpayment息票利息支付
accountspayableturnoverratio應(yīng)付賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率couponinterestrate息票利率cashconversioncycle現(xiàn)金周轉(zhuǎn)期maturity到期日
assetturnoverratio資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率termtomaturity到期時(shí)間profitabilityratio盈利比率callprovision贖回條款
groprofitmargin毛利潤(rùn)callprice贖回價(jià)格
operatingprofitmargin經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)sinkingfundprovision償債基金條款netprofitmargin凈利潤(rùn)conversionright轉(zhuǎn)換權(quán)returnonasset資產(chǎn)收益率putprovision賣出條款
returnontotalequityratio全部權(quán)益報(bào)酬率indenture債務(wù)契約
returnoncommonequity普通權(quán)益報(bào)酬率covenant條款
market-to-bookvalueratio市場(chǎng)價(jià)值與賬面價(jià)值比率trustee托管人
marketvalueratios市場(chǎng)價(jià)值比率protectivecovenant保護(hù)性條款dividendyield股利收益率negativecovenant消極條款dividendpayout股利支付率positivecovenant積極條款financialstatement財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表secureddebt擔(dān)保借款profitability盈利能力unsecureddebt信用借款viability生存能力
creditworthiness信譽(yù)solvency償付能力collateral抵押品
collateraltrustbonds抵押信托契約debenture信用債券portfolio組合
diversifiablerisk可分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn)marketrisk市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)expectedreturn期望收益stand-alonerisk個(gè)別風(fēng)險(xiǎn)standarddeviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)離差variance方差
normaldistribution正態(tài)分布
efficientmarkethypothesis(EMH)有效市場(chǎng)假設(shè)pricetaker價(jià)格接受者
investorrationality投資者的理性institutionalinvestor機(jī)構(gòu)投資者retailinvestor個(gè)人,散戶投資者anomaly異常(人或物)
post-earningsannouncementdrift期后盈余披露behavioralfinance行為財(cái)務(wù)
expectedutilitytheory期望效用理論
mean-varianceefficientfrontier均值-方差有效前沿covariance協(xié)方差
correlationcoefficient相關(guān)系數(shù)
company-specificfactor公司特有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
arbitragepricingtheory(APT)套利定價(jià)理論