2016下半年大學英語六級仔細閱讀習題
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Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Meat eaters in developed countries will have to eat a lot less meat, cutting consumption by 50%, to avoid the worst consequences of future climate change, new research warns.
The fertilizers used in farming are responsible for a significant share of the warming that causes climate change.
A study published in Environmental Research Letters warns that drastic changes in food production and at the dinner table are needed by 2050 in order to prevent disastrous global warming.
It's probably the most difficult challenge in dealing with climate change: how to reduce emissions from food production while still producing enough to feed a global population projected to reach 9 billion by the middle of this century.
The findings, by Eric Davidson, director of the Woods Hole Research Centre in Massachusetts, say the developed world will have to cut fertilizer use by 50% and persuade consumers in the developed world to stop eating so much meat.
Davidson concedes it's a hard sell. "I think there are huge challenges in convincing people in the west to reduce portion sizes or the frequency of eating meat. That is part of our culture right now," he said.
Researchers have been paying closer attention in the past few years to the impact of agriculture on climate change, and the parallel problem of growing enough food for an expanding population. Some scientists are at work growing artificial meat which would avoid the fertilizers and manure (糞肥)responsible for climate change.
Nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮) , released by fertilizers and animal manure, is the most potent of the greenhouse gases that cause climate change. The UN's climate body has called for deep cuts to those emissions.
Growing feed crops, for cattle and pigs, produces more of those emissions than food crops that go directly into the human food chain. Eating less meat would reduce demand for fertilizers as well as reduce the amount of manure produced.
Davidson also suggests changes in current farming practice. For example, such as growing winter ground cover crops would help absorb nitrogen (氮) and prevent its release into the atmosphere.
In reaching his conclusion, Davidson draws on figures from the Food and Agricultural Organization suggesting the world population will reach 8.9 billion by 2050. Meat consumption is also projected to increase sharply to 89kg per person a year in rich countries. Such a trajectory (發(fā)展軌跡)would put the world on course to more severe consequences of climate change.
Davidson is not suggesting people give up meat entirely. "The solution isn't that everyone needs to become a vegetarian. Simply reducing portion sizes and frequency would go a long way," he said. So would switching from beef and pork, which have a high carbon footprint (碳排放量), to chicken or fish.
61. What is the hardest task in coping with the future climate change?
A. To persuade people to reduce portion sizes or the frequency of eating meat.
B. To balance between food production and emissions of greenhouse gases.
C. To produce enough food for an expanding global population.
D. To change the current farming practice.
62. Which of the following statements is NOT a suggestion made by Davidson?
A. Decrease the use of fertilizers.
B. Cut the meat consumption.
C. Plant winter ground cover crops.
D. Grow artificial meat.
63. We can infer that one benefit of eating less meat is that it can reduce
A. the planting of food crops
B. the demand for fertilizers
C. the emissions of nitrous oxide
D. the amount of manure produced
64. What may be the most preferred diet by Davidson?
A. Less beef but more fish.
B. Only vegetables.
C. Some vegetables and some pork.
D. Less chicken but more vegetables.
65. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. Stop Eating So Much Meat
B. Stop Using Fertilizers
C. Control the Future Climate Change
D. Control the World Population
新的研究警告說：為了避免未來氣候變化出現(xiàn)最糟糕的后果，發(fā)達國家的食肉者們不得不要少吃很多肉，將消費量削減50%。
農業(yè)中的肥料要為導致氣候變化的天氣變暖負很大的責任。
一項發(fā)表在《環(huán)境研究快報》上的研究警告說為了防止災難性的全球變暖，在糧食生產和餐桌上都需要在2050年之前發(fā)生巨大的改變。
在應對氣候變化中這可能是最困難的挑戰(zhàn)：如何存糧食生產中減少排放.而同時生產足夠的粒食來養(yǎng)活到本世紀中期預計達到90億的全球人口。
馬薩諸塞州的伍茲霍爾研究中心主任埃里克 戴維森的這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明發(fā)達世界要將肥料的使用量減少50%，并且勸告發(fā)達世界的消費者不要再吃這么多肉。
戴維森同意這很難推行。他說：“我覺得說服西方人減少吃肉的份量和次數(shù)存在巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。現(xiàn)在這已經成為了我們的文化。”
研究者們在過去幾年一直密切關注農業(yè)對氣候變化的影響，以及為擴張的人口種植足夠的糧食這個并行問題。一些科學家正致力于培育人造肉.從而避免導致氣候變化的肥料和糞肥。
由肥料和動物糞便釋放的一氫化二氮，是導致氣候變化的最強的溫室氣體。聯(lián)合國氣候機構已呼吁要大幅減少它們的排放。
為養(yǎng)豬、牛等牲畜所種植的飼料作物，與能夠直接進入人類食物鏈的糧食作物相比，會排放更多的一氧化二氮。少吃肉將減少對于肥料的需求.還會減少產生的糞肥量。
戴維森還建議改變現(xiàn)有的耕種方式。例如，種植冬季地被作物可以幫助吸收氮，防止其釋放到大氣中去。
為了得出他的結論，戴維森引用了糧食和農業(yè)組織的數(shù)字，表明世界人口到2050年將達到89億。肉類消費在富裕國家也預計急劇增加到每人每年89公斤。這樣一個發(fā)展軌跡將使世界面臨氣候變化更為嚴重的后果。
戴維森不是建議人們完全不吃肉.他說：“解決辦法不是大家都成為素食者。僅僅減少份量和次數(shù)就會大有幫助。”同樣有幫助的是將牛肉和豬肉換成雞肉或者魚肉.因為前兩者的碳排放量更高.
61.What is the hardest task in coping with the future climate change?應對未來氣候變化中最困難的任務是什么?
A. To persuade people to reduce portion sizes or the frequency of eating meat.說服人們減少吃肉的份量和次數(shù)。
B. To balance between food production and emissions of greenhouse gases.在糧食生產和溫室氣體排放中保持平衡。
C. To produce enough food for all expanding global population.為擴張的全球人口生產足夠的糧食。
D. To change the current farming practice.改變目前的耕種方式。
62.Which of the following statements is NOT a suggestion made by Davidson?下面那條表述不是戴維森提出的建議?
A. Decrease the use of fertilizers.減少肥料的使用。
B. Cut the meat consumption.削減肉食的消費。
C. Plant winter ground cover crops.種植冬季地被作物。
D. Grow artificial meat.培育人造肉。
63.We can infer from that one benefit of eating less meat is that it can reduce.我們可以推論出少吃肉的好處之一是它能減少 。
A. the planting of food crops糧食作物的種植
B. the demand for fertilizers對于肥料的需求
C. the emissions of nitrous oxide一氧化二氮的排放
D. the amount of manure produced產生的糞肥量
64.What may be the most preferred diet by Davidson?戴維森最推崇的飲食可能是什么?
A. Less beef but more fish.少些牛肉，但更多的魚肉。
B. Only vegetables.只有蔬菜
C. Some vegetables and some pork.一些蔬菜和一些豬肉。
D. Less chicken but more vegetables.少些雞肉，但更多的蔬菜。
65.Which of the following call be the best title of the passage?下面哪一項是這篇文章的最佳題目?
A. Stop Eating So Much Meat不要再吃這么多肉了
B. Stop Using Fertilizers不要使用肥料
C. Control the Future Climate Change控制未來的氣候變化
D. Control the World Population控制世界人口
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