英語專業(yè)八級考試翻譯模擬練習(xí)題
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part 1
It is certain no literal translation can be just to an excellent original in a superior language: but it is a great mistake to imagine (as many have done) that a rash paraphrase can make amends for this general defect; which is no less in danger to lose the spirit of an ancient, by deviating into the modern manners of expression. If there be sometimes a darkness, there is often a light in antiquity, which nothing better preserves than a version almost literal. I know no liberties one ought to take, but those which are necessary to transfusing the spirit of the original, and supporting the poetical style of the translation: and I will venture to say, there have not been more men misled in former times by a servile, dull adherence to the letter, than have been deluded in ours by a chimerical, insolent hope of raising and improving their author. It is not to be doubted, that the fire of the poem is what a translator should principally regard, as it is most likely to expire in his managing: however, it is his safest way to be content with preserving this to his utmost in the whole, without endeavouring to be more than he finds his author is, in any particular place. It is a great secret in writing, to know when to be plain, and when poetical and figurative; and it is what Homer will teach us, if we will but follow modestly in his footsteps. Where his diction is bold and lofty, let us raise ours as high as we can; but where his is plain and humble, we ought not to be deterred from imitating him by the fear of incurring the censure of a mere English critic. Nothing that belongs to Homer seems to have been more commonly mistaken than the just pitch of his style: some of his translators having swelled into fustian in a proud confidence of the sublime; others sunk into flatness, in a cold and timorous notion of simplicity. Methinks I see these different followers of Homer, some sweating and straining after him by violent leaps and bounds (the certain signs of false mettle), others slowly and servilely creeping in his train, while the poet himself is all the time proceeding with an unaffected and equal majesty before them. However, of the two extremes one could sooner pardon frenzy than frigidity; no author is to be envied for such commendations, as he may gain by that character of style, which his friends must agree together to call simplicity, and the rest of the world will call dulness. There is a graceful and dignified simplicity, as well as a bold and sordid one; which differ as much from each other as the air of a plain man from that of a sloven: it is one thing to be tricked up, and another not to be dressed at all. Simplicity is the mean between ostentation and rusticity.
參考譯文：
論古典文學(xué)的翻譯
可以肯定，對于高貴語言著成的作品來說，直譯是不恰當?shù)模旱J為粗略的解釋可以彌補這一普遍的過失更是大錯特錯;濫用現(xiàn)代的表達方式，也會使古代作品的精神喪失殆盡。如果說在古典作品中不時有黑暗愚昧之處，其中也常有光明智慧的地方。而這些光明與智慧在近乎直譯的譯文中能更好地留存。我認為，文字的自由取決于是否是傳達原作精神所必需，是否有助于譯作詩風(fēng)的保存。我敢說，過去雖有不少亦步亦趨、機械地追求字面對應(yīng)的迷途譯者，但狂妄地抱有改進原作的不實理想的譯者也不在少數(shù)。毋庸置疑，詩的火焰是每個翻譯者都理應(yīng)重視的，因為它在翻譯過程中更加容易消失：然而，最安全的做法就是滿足于從整體篇章上盡力保留這種特質(zhì)，不要試圖在任何細節(jié)上超越作者。寫作的奧秘在于知道何時平淡，何時綺麗;如果我們肯虛心追隨荷馬的`腳步，一定能從他身上學(xué)到這一點。他用詞豪放恢宏之處，我們也要努力揮毫潑墨;他用詞平淡樸素之處，我們也不能因怕受到幾個評論家的責難便不加以模仿。對于荷馬來說，其最遭人誤解之處莫過適當?shù)娘L(fēng)格高度：有些譯者一味盲信其無處不崇高，而致使譯文浮夸失真;另外的一些譯者沉迷于其簡樸，因而過于拘謹呆板。我看到荷馬的追隨著不盡相同：有些人奮步急追，汗流浹背(這是愚勇的表現(xiàn))，另外一些人緩慢、卑恭地追隨其后，而詩人自己卻莊嚴從容地繼續(xù)前行。然而，在兩個極端當中，狂熱比冷淡更加容易得到寬容;沒有人會嫉妒由冷淡的風(fēng)格而博得贊賞的作家，其友人一定稱之為簡樸，而他人則稱之為枯燥。優(yōu)雅莊嚴的簡樸是存在的，同樣也有突兀暗淡的簡樸;兩者的區(qū)別猶如樸素人與邋遢者面貌的不同：著裝打扮與衣著不整完全是兩碼事。簡樸乃是介于虛飾與粗鄙之間的一種品性。
part 2
讀書是愉悅心智之事.在這一點上它與運動頗為相似:一個優(yōu)秀的讀者必須要有熱情、有知識、有速度。讀書之樂并非在于作者要告訴你什么，而在于它促使你思考。你跟隨作者一起想像，有時你的想象甚至?xí)阶髡叩摹０炎约旱捏w驗與作者的相互比較，你會得出相同或者不同的結(jié)論。在理解作者想法的同時，也形成了自己的觀點。
每一本書都自成體系，就像一家一戶的住宅，而圖書館里的藏書好比城市里千家萬戶的.居所。盡管它們都相互獨立，但只有相互結(jié)合才有意義。家家戶戶彼此相連，城市與城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌現(xiàn)。人類生活中反復(fù)的問題也在文學(xué)中不斷重現(xiàn)，但因時代與作品的差異，答案也各不相同。
如果你希望的話，讀書也能充滿樂趣。倘若你只讀那些別人告訴你該讀之書，那么你不太可能有樂趣可言。但如果你放下你不喜歡的書，試著閱讀另外一本，直到你找到自己中意的，然后輕輕松松的讀下去，差不多一定會樂在其中。而且，當你通過閱讀變得更加優(yōu)秀，更加善良，更加文雅時，閱讀便不再是一種折磨。
參考譯文
Reading is a pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport:your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader.Reading is fun,not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author's or even goes beyond his.Your experience,compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions,and your ideas develop as you understand his.
Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house,but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something;they are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.
Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you you "ought" to read, you probably won't have fun. But if you put down a book you don't like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time--and if you become as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won't have suffered during the process.
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