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2018專八閱讀理解練習(xí)題《視力研究》
專八的閱讀理解是考生備考的重難點(diǎn)，考生要注意多進(jìn)行一些專八閱讀理解的練習(xí)，下面是小編為大家整理的一篇2018專八閱讀理解練習(xí)題，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
The human criterion for perfect vision is 20/20 for reading the standard lines on a Snellen eye chart without a hitch. The score is determined by how well you read lines of letters of different sizes from 20 feetaway. But being able to read the bottom line on the eye chart does not approximate perfection as far as other species are concerned. Most birds would consider us very visually handicapped. The hawk. for instance,has such sharp eyes that it can spot a dime on the sidewalk while perched on top of the Empire State Building+ It can make fine visual distinctions because it is blessed with one million cones per square millimeter in its retina(視網(wǎng)膜). And in water, humans are farsighted. while the kingfisher, swooping down to spear fish. can see well in both the air and water because it is endowed with two foveae.(凹窩)-areas of the eye, consisting mostly of cones. that provide visual distinctions. One fovea permits the bird, while in theair. to scan the water below with one eye at a time. This is called monocular vision. Once it hits the water, the other fovea joins in, allowing the kingfisher to focus both eyes, like binoculars, on its prey at the same time. A frog's vision is distinguished by its ability to perceive things as a constant motion picture. Known as "bug detectors", a highly developed set of cells in a frog's eyes responds mainly to movingobjects. So, it is said that a frog sitting in a field of dead bugs wouldn’t see them as food and would starve.
The bee has a "compound" eye. which is used for navigation. It has 15,000 facets that divide what it sees into a pattern of dots. or mosaic. With this hind of vision, the bee sees the sun only as a single dot, a constant point of reference. Thus. the eye is a superb navigational instrument that constantly measures the angle of its line of flight in relation to the sun. A bee's eye also gauges flight speed. And if that isnot enough to leave our 20/20 "perfect vision” paling into insignificance. the bee is capable of seeing something we can't-ultraviolet light. Thus,what humans consider to be "perfect vision” is in fact rather limited when we look at other species. However, there is still much to be said for the human eye. Of all the mammals, only humans and some primates can enjoy the pleasures of color vision.1. The Snellen eye chart measures one's eyesight by__________________.
A) the number of lines he reads
B) the distance he stands away from the chart
C) the speed at which he recognizes the letters
D) several integrative factors
2. How is hawk's eyesight better than ours?
A) It can identify small items more quickly than we do.
B) It can see ai a longer distance than we do.
C) It has more cones in che retina than we do.
D) It has bigger eyes than we do.
3. Monocular vision enables the kingfisher to__________________.
A) avoid farsightedness
B) be able to see underwater
C) move one eye at a time
D) focus its eyes on the prey
4. A bee finds its direction by_______________________.
A) dividing what it sees into thousands of dots
B) constantly gauging its flying speed
C) using the sun as a constant point of reference
D) measuring the angle of the sun
5. What is the main idea of the passage'?
A) The differences between human eyes and other species' eyes.
B) The advantages of other species' eyes in comparison with human eyes.
C) The factors that make other species' eyes better than human eyes.
D) The standard that determines me "perfect vision” of human eyes.
答案：
1.Snellen視力表是通過什么來測量一個(gè)人的視力的?
A)受試者能夠看清的行數(shù)。
B)受試者離視力表距離的遠(yuǎn)近。
C)受試者識(shí)別字母的速度。
D)幾個(gè)綜合的因素。
[A]首段第2句中的lines of letters和第3句中的bottom line表明視力的好壞是依靠看到視力表的行數(shù)來決定的，選項(xiàng)A為本題答案。首段第2句表明測驗(yàn)視力時(shí)距離是預(yù)先設(shè)定的，選項(xiàng)B不正確;選項(xiàng)C屬于無中生有，原文并未提及該內(nèi)容;文中只提到視力的好壞取次于能看到多少行字母這一因索，并沒有提到其他因素，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
2.鷹眼比人眼好在什么地方?
A)鷹眼可以比人更快地識(shí)別小的物體。
B)鷹眼可以從更遠(yuǎn)的距離來看清物體。
C)鷹眼視網(wǎng)膜的圓錐細(xì)胞比人眼多。
D)鷹眼比人眼大。
[B]首段笫5句中的while perched on top of the Empire State Building表明本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是鷹能看到距離很遠(yuǎn)的物件，由此可見，選項(xiàng)B為本題答案。從首段第5句中的dime一詞可以推斷鷹可以看到很小的物件，但原文并沒有暗示它辨認(rèn)物件的速度，更沒有在這方面與人眼作比較，因此選項(xiàng)A不正確;首段第6句只是指出鷹眼的視網(wǎng)膜每平方毫米有100萬個(gè)圓錐細(xì)胞，但并沒有對(duì)比人眼和鷹眼所具有的圓錐細(xì)胞的總數(shù)，因此選項(xiàng)C不正確;原文并來提及與選項(xiàng)D有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。
3.單眼視力讓翠鳥能夠_________________。
A)避免遠(yuǎn)視
B)看到水底的東西
C)一次轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一個(gè)眼睛
D)讓眼睛聚焦在獵物上
[C]首段第9句中的This表明前一句(即第8句)就是monocular vision的定義，很明顯，選項(xiàng)C為本題答案。首段第7句表明翠鳥在水里能看得清楚，不會(huì)像人類那樣遠(yuǎn)視，是因?yàn)樗劬镉袃蓚�(gè)凹窩區(qū)域，并非因?yàn)樗哂袉窝垡曈X，因此選項(xiàng)A和B都不正確;根據(jù)該段第10句可知兩個(gè)凹窩區(qū)域同時(shí)發(fā)揮作用才能使翠鳥把目光聚焦到獵物身上，因此選項(xiàng)D不正確。
4.蜜蜂是通過什么來辨別方向的?
A)將它看見的東西分成幾千個(gè)點(diǎn)。
B)不斷地測量自己的飛行速度。
C)始終將太陽視作一個(gè)參照點(diǎn)。
D)測量太陽的角度。
[C]第2段第3，4句描述了蜜蜂利用太陽導(dǎo)航的機(jī)制，將選項(xiàng)與這些細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)照可以知道選項(xiàng)C為正確的說法。選項(xiàng)A是蜜蜂的成像機(jī)制，雖然眼睛必然與導(dǎo)航有關(guān)，但單靠成像并不能起到導(dǎo)航的作用，因此選項(xiàng)A不是蜜蜂尋找方向的方法：選項(xiàng)B中的gauging its flying speed也跟蜜蜂尋找方向無關(guān)：第2段第4句表明蜜蜂測量的是飛行路線和太陽的夾角，而不是測量太陽的角度，因此選項(xiàng)D不正確。
5.本文的主旨是什么?
A)人類的跟晴和其他物種的眼睛的不同之處。
B)相較于人的眼睛，其他物種的眼睛的優(yōu)勢。
C)其他物種的眼睛優(yōu)于人類的眼睛有哪一些要素。
D)決定人類眼睛的“完美視力”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[A]首段前3句通過描述人類測試視力的方法引出人類的視力不如其他物種這個(gè)話題，然后作者舉了4個(gè)例予說明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，而在第2段末句作者又指出人類視力在某一方面優(yōu)于其他物種，由此可見，本文主要通過舉例說明人類和其他物種在視力上的不同，由此可見，選項(xiàng)A概括了全文內(nèi)容。第2段末句指出了人類視力也有優(yōu)于其他物種視力的地方，選項(xiàng)B和C都強(qiáng)調(diào)其他物種的視力好，概括都不夠全面;選項(xiàng)D只能概括文章首句的內(nèi)容，其他的內(nèi)容均未包括在內(nèi)。
附：2018專八閱讀理解攻略
1.善于抓住主題句，解答主旨題
主旨題主要考查考生的綜合理解能力，要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，分析歸納、概括全文或某一段落的主旨大意。這就要求考生抓住文章的主題句。主題句往往有以下幾種情況：
(1) 最常見的位置在段落的開頭，即“總起—分述”型。作者往往用一兩句話提綱挈領(lǐng)地提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，然后進(jìn)行展開。
(2) 較常見的位置在段落的結(jié)尾，即“分述—總結(jié)”型。在結(jié)論句之前，往往it is clear that ... , thus, in short, as a result, therefore, for this reason等表示推論關(guān)系的詞語，可以幫助辨認(rèn)主題句。
(3) 有時(shí)段落的開頭和結(jié)尾兩個(gè)位置上同時(shí)出現(xiàn)主題句。
(4) 有時(shí)出現(xiàn)在段落中間，往往以這種順序敘述： 引子→主題句→闡述說明。即先描述一個(gè)事例，或提出一個(gè)問題，或提出一個(gè)反面觀點(diǎn)，然后提出作者自己的論點(diǎn)，闡明主題，接著圍繞主題展開描述或說明。
2.經(jīng)常閱讀各類體裁和題材的文章
TEM8考試的選材原則是：
(1) 所選題材廣泛，包括社會(huì)、文化、教育、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科普、軍事、外交等方面的知識(shí)或常識(shí)，幾乎包含所有考生日常生活、學(xué)習(xí)中所可能涉及或關(guān)心的領(lǐng)域，盡量貼近考生的實(shí)際生活經(jīng)歷，其內(nèi)容及涉及的背景知識(shí)不超過考生在其知識(shí)范圍內(nèi)所理解的深度。
(2) 所選體裁多樣，包括記敘文、議論文、說明文、描述文、新聞文體等。
(3) 文章的語言難度控制在教學(xué)大綱所規(guī)定的要求以內(nèi)，以當(dāng)代英美文體為主。所用詞匯基本不超過教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的范圍。
(4) 盡量選用內(nèi)容新穎、富有哲理性、思想性并具有可讀性的文章。因此，考生在平時(shí)不要拘泥于教材內(nèi)的文章，要廣泛閱讀，盡量多地接觸各種題材和體裁的文章，打好閱讀基本功。
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