考研英語(yǔ)作文最后沖刺階段復(fù)習(xí)策略
隨著考研最后沖刺階段的來(lái)臨，我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)作文的時(shí)候，要找到一些寫作的策略。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語(yǔ)作文沖刺階段復(fù)習(xí)攻略，歡迎大家前來(lái)閱讀。
考研英語(yǔ)作文最后兩月復(fù)習(xí)技巧
首先，措辭應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確。譬如，一個(gè)考生答復(fù)邀請(qǐng)信時(shí)說(shuō)：I am sorry that I have to refuse your invitation。很明顯，refuse不符合禮貌原則，應(yīng)該用decline，表示婉言拒絕。此外，考生應(yīng)該注意用詞的地道性，因?yàn)楹芏嗤瑢W(xué)寫作文時(shí)不是在寫，而是在譯，也就是腦子里先有漢語(yǔ)，然后用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)，結(jié)果是出現(xiàn)一些啼笑皆非的Chinglish. 例如，去年的作文B部分考查的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)問(wèn)題，一個(gè)考生想表達(dá)網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)大了我們的視野，結(jié)果寫成：The internet has enlarged our eyes (因特網(wǎng)擴(kuò)大了我們的眼睛)，地道的說(shuō)法是：The internet has broadened our horizon.
其次，我們一定要避免的重大的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，注重句式的多樣性。常見(jiàn)的重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤有：主謂不一致，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)誤用，主句和修飾成分邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致，連串句，殘缺句等。下面請(qǐng)看幾個(gè)例子：
(誤)He is one of the students in our class who strongly advocates environmental protection(主謂不一致)
(正)He is one of the students in our class who strongly advocate environmental protection.
(誤)Qingdao is building a subway. (動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)誤用)
(正)A subway is being built in Qingdao.
(誤)In order to write well, a lot of books must be read. (主句和修飾成分邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致)
(正)In order to write well, we must read a lot of books.
(誤)Some people like to live in the city, others prefer to stay in the countryside. (連串句)
(正)Some people like to live in the city, while others prefer to stay in the countryside.
(誤)Nowadays, primary school students in China lead a hard life. For example, too many courses, too much homework and too little freedom.(殘缺句)
(正)Nowadays, primary school students in China lead a hard life. For example, they suffer from too many courses, too much homework and too little freedom.
這些錯(cuò)誤一旦在作文中出現(xiàn)，會(huì)給閱卷老師留下很惡劣的印象，考生一定要避免。關(guān)于句式的多樣性，考生一定能讓閱卷老師感覺(jué)到自己有駕駑多種句式和從句的能力，例如三大類從句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等，讓老師感覺(jué)到考生的作文造句長(zhǎng)短結(jié)合，句式多變。
再者，考生一定要注意結(jié)構(gòu)完整，脈絡(luò)清晰 ，論證充分。研究生考試作文閱卷時(shí)間緊，且采用global scoring(整體評(píng)分)方法，因此閱卷老師不可能慢悠悠地欣賞你的大作。作文閱卷老師都是經(jīng)驗(yàn)非常豐富的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師，他們要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)瀏覽完考生作文，給出評(píng)分意見(jiàn)。因此，考生在寫作時(shí)，一個(gè)完整框架是必不可少的，首先應(yīng)讓閱卷老師覺(jué)得你的文章是結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理、符合要求的。換言之，即具備英語(yǔ)文章的基本要素：引言段、擴(kuò)展段和結(jié)尾段。同時(shí)，我們要注意中應(yīng)寫作習(xí)慣的差別。中文講究意合，而英語(yǔ)注意形合，要求句與句、段與段之間運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞，把上下文有機(jī)地連接起來(lái)。此外，考生在擴(kuò)展段落時(shí)，一定要做到言之有理，言之有據(jù)。在寫作時(shí)，只要提出觀點(diǎn)就要用幾句話來(lái)豐富自己的觀點(diǎn)，而不是羅列觀點(diǎn)。切記：沒(méi)有例證和細(xì)節(jié)的觀點(diǎn)是很難讓閱卷老師信服的。
最后，practice makes perfect! 學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方法和熟悉文章結(jié)構(gòu)固然重要，但是只有通過(guò)真正的動(dòng)筆“寫”，一個(gè)人的寫作能力才能得到提高。考生最好能找有范文的題目進(jìn)行練習(xí)，以便寫完后能與范文進(jìn)行對(duì)比。重點(diǎn)是要檢查文章是否切題，行文是否流暢，有無(wú)嚴(yán)重的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤等。同時(shí)通過(guò)比較可以及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的差距，模仿范文的優(yōu)秀之處。應(yīng)該把每次練習(xí)都當(dāng)作模擬演練，將時(shí)間控制在考試規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)。
考研英語(yǔ)作文結(jié)尾段落的寫作
1、重述中心思想
Topic 1: Some people say that computer can translate languages, so children need not study foreign languages any more. Please state your position.
Sample:
首段：Some students are thinking of giving up studying foreign languages as modern machines can do the job of translation. However, I think it is wrong to drop studying foreign languages, as machines cannot do perfectly, especially in translation, which is a sophisticated process and needs so many skills.
結(jié)尾段：To sum up, translation machines help us in some way but it doesn’t mean that we can quit studying foreign languages because language study can give us much more than the language itself.
Topic 2: Intelligent machines such as robots are widely applied to take the place of human beings. Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages.
Sample:
首段：The technology of intelligent machines improves amazingly with the help of artificial intelligence. Robots, known as steel-collar workers, are widely employed in different aspects, such as marine research, space exploration and some modern assembly lines. Robots bring about advantages undoubtedly, but meanwhile, they are not so versatile as expected that they will replace human beings.
結(jié)尾段：In short, robots are subsidiary to human beings. However competent they are in various kinds of field, robots will never take the place of human beings and play a decisive role in our work and life.
2、得出結(jié)論
Topic 1: Should old man live with young people together, or should they live in the clubs for old men? Please discuss.
Sample: To sum up, I think the appearance of old-man clubs is a good thing for old people. It provides the old people with a better environment. But old-man clubs are not a paradise definitely, which is a compromise to family intimation.
Topic 2: The development of science and technology benefit our life. However, scientists cannot find effective solutions to the problems they created. To what degree do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Sample: In conclusion, confronted with these problems, scientists are seeking prompt and feasible solutions. The development of science and technology bring about both positive and negative effects to us. We must eliminate the positive effects to the least extent.
Topic 3: Sports encourage competition rather than cooperation. Therefore, sports should not be encouraged at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
Sample: To sum up, competition does not result in hatred between rivalries as expected. On the contrary, it plays a very active role in the building-up of friendship and the relationship between the people from different races, religions, cultures and political backgrounds. Personally, I advocate the encouragement of sports at school because sports benefit students both physically and psychologically.
3、提出措施或者對(duì)未來(lái)的展望
Topic 1: Traditional arts civilized a nation. Do you think government should subsidize musicians, artists, actors or drama companies? What should a government do?
Sample: It is high time we took effective measures. Firstly, the government should lay a fund for the research and promotion of traditional arts. Moreover, the research institutes and universities should work out a long-term developing scheme, organizing systematic research on traditional arts. Arts belong to a nation and the whole world as well. The prosperity of traditional arts will diversify the culture of the world.
Topic 2: What are the purposes of places such as museums and how should they be funded?
Sample: With a view to giving people updated information and rendering them a more detailed overview, many countries invest a great deal of money in the foundation of museums, because museums disseminate human knowledge and culture, which are more significant for the development of the young generation. Besides, entrepreneurs and individuals should also lay a fund for the improvement and rebuild of museums. The prosperity of human culture is not only the responsibility of the government, but also the responsibility of every individual and organization.
提供一些常用句型給大家參考以擴(kuò)展思路：
1.It is only if...that we will...
例句：It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want.
2.As long as..., …is bound to...
例句：As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the superstitions are bound to go out of our life.
3.For anyone who...there is every reason to...
例句：For any government that devotes itself to nourishing honesty among its officials, there is every reason to bid an eternal farewell to corruption.
4.In short, once … is on the way to..., the chance of making it will come to one’s advantage.
例句：In short, once our country is on the way to clearing corrupt dealings out of the Party, the chance of making it will come to the people's advantage.
5.The quotations “...” may be sensible advice on how to...
例句：The old saying “Laziness in youth spells regret in old age” may be sensible advice on how to cherish the years of youth.
6.Worst of all, … have effected the most unfavorable change in...
例句：Worst of all, the official corruption has effected the most unfavorable change in the people's attitude towards the government.
7.As the destructive effect on..., … have been rooted in …
例句：As the destructive effect on our nation, his heretical ideas have been rooted in many people's minds.
8. As an unexpected result of..., more and more people have come to…
例句：As an unexpected result of the patriotic education, more and more people have come to regain/restore their sense of justice.
9.To one's greatest astonishment, ... have affected...to the point of...
例句：To our greatest astonishment, the corruption has affected the society to the point of threatening its political stability.
10.The most obvious result … produced is...
例句：The most obvious result the economic reforms have produced is the way the people live and think.
11.11) With a steady improvement in ..., something will still ...
例句：With a steady improvement in its administration, the new-born thing will flourish on Chinese soil.
12.In a long run, ... is believed to...
例句：In a long run, the practice of birth control is believed to do a great benefit to the future of China.
13.In spite of the fact that..., something will ... in our consistent efforts.
例句：In spite of the fact that there is no hope of attaining the final goal at once, this reform will be spreading far and wide in our consistent efforts.
14.In a word, there is every chance that … in time to come.
例句：In one word, there is every chance that this wise move in economic construction will acquire a broader significance in time to come.
15.Those who...will have to...
例句：Those who have a strong bias against the Chinese nation will have to treat her with increased respect.
考研英語(yǔ)作文中的利弊對(duì)比寫法
在國(guó)內(nèi)英語(yǔ)考試系統(tǒng)中，學(xué)生最害怕的是考研英語(yǔ)，其中最頭疼的又是考研寫作，其中為我們所最熟知的原因無(wú)非是詞匯有限，句法錯(cuò)誤。 殊不知，在這兩個(gè)表面原因的背后還存在著更深層次的原因：思維欠缺整合、歸類。語(yǔ)言是思維的外化，思考的范圍決定了語(yǔ)言是否多變，思考的深度決定語(yǔ)言是否耐人尋味，從思想上挖掘不同考研作文話題背后隱藏的共性決定了寫作時(shí)能否做到信手拈來(lái)又不缺深度，在此我以整合性思維為突破點(diǎn)，向同學(xué)們介紹利弊對(duì)比簡(jiǎn)單寫法。
說(shuō)到利弊對(duì)比的`寫法，我們首先會(huì)遇到兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：1 每個(gè)具體事物的利和弊到底都有些什么。大部分同學(xué)對(duì)于某個(gè)具體事物的利弊分析都是自發(fā)而非自覺(jué)的，換句話說(shuō)，平時(shí)的感性認(rèn)識(shí)有多少，利弊的認(rèn)識(shí)就有多少。這是危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)樵诳荚嚨臅r(shí)候一旦遇到自己不熟悉的話題，就可能詞窮語(yǔ)盡，即使在漢語(yǔ)的層面上。2 如何在語(yǔ)言的層面上表現(xiàn)出“利”和“弊”的特質(zhì)。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，在藿香正氣水的使用說(shuō)明書上，對(duì)于它的“利”有著幾句簡(jiǎn)單而又蘊(yùn)含原理的介紹：解表祛暑，化濕和中。當(dāng)我們說(shuō)手機(jī)的“利”時(shí)，大家首先會(huì)想到：方便聯(lián)系，加強(qiáng)交流。這里的“方便”的對(duì)象是“聯(lián)系”，“加強(qiáng)”的對(duì)象是“交流”。同樣的類比關(guān)系，“解”的對(duì)象是“表”，“祛”的對(duì)象是“暑”。概括一下，“聯(lián)系”“交流”“表”“暑”
就是我們分析事物的利弊的具體內(nèi)容，而“方便”“加強(qiáng)”“解”“祛”這一系列的動(dòng)詞又體現(xiàn)了利的特質(zhì)。走到這一步，問(wèn)題變得很簡(jiǎn)單，尋找著一種特質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞以及把所有事物的利弊盡量歸類。
在我看來(lái)，所有事物的利弊都會(huì)或多或少地這幾道以下五個(gè)范疇：1 經(jīng)濟(jì) 2 社會(huì) 3 環(huán)境 4 生理 5 心理(具體內(nèi)容待會(huì)會(huì)有體現(xiàn))，而體現(xiàn)利弊特質(zhì)的表達(dá)是可以被窮盡的，在此只略舉一二，把原理說(shuō)明清楚。
利： Strengthen (加強(qiáng)) enhance (夯實(shí)) promote (促進(jìn)) improve (改善)
Play a pivotal role in / lay the foundation for
弊： Destroy (破壞) diminish (減少)deteriorate (惡化)
Pose a tremendous threat to …/ impose an unbearable burden on …
同學(xué)們需要做的是將“解”和“表”進(jìn)行整合，便可以寫出一些簡(jiǎn)單的利弊分析的句子。
現(xiàn)在我們以曾經(jīng)考察過(guò)的“全球化”“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”為例，印證以上用法：
全球化： Globalization poses a tremendous threat to the local environment and ecology in some developing areas.
全球化對(duì)于欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)和環(huán)境帶來(lái)巨大威脅。(環(huán)境之弊)
Globalization plays a pivotal and direct role in promoting cultural communication among various areas.
全球化在促進(jìn)不同地區(qū)的文化交流中扮演重要角色。(社會(huì)之利)
Globalization plays an essential and irreplaceable role in generating more employment opportunities and positions.
全球化在創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)及崗位中扮演不可替代的重要角色。(經(jīng)濟(jì)之利)
手機(jī)： The popularity of cell phones brings more profits and taxes to our society and local government.
手機(jī)的流行給社會(huì)和政府帶來(lái)了更多的利潤(rùn)和稅收。(經(jīng)濟(jì)之利)
From some socialists’ perspective, cell phones can promote our interpersonal relationship and communication because of their convenience.
我認(rèn)為，手機(jī)的便利讓對(duì)我們的人際關(guān)系和交流能起到促進(jìn)作用。(社會(huì)之利)
Some experts warn that the frequent use of cell phones can pose a tremendous threat to our health.
一些專家警告到頻繁使用手機(jī)對(duì)我們的健康會(huì)有不小的威脅。(生理之弊)
Some experts warn that batteries from cell phones may pose a potential threat to our environment.
一些專家警告到手機(jī)電池對(duì)于周圍的環(huán)境是潛在的威脅。(環(huán)境之弊)
大家可以以其他的話題為例繼續(xù)聯(lián)系這種方法，比如可以試著寫寫“世博會(huì)”的利弊，篇幅關(guān)系，我只介紹如何寫出成型的句子，至于如何對(duì)句子進(jìn)行化妝盒組句成段，由于內(nèi)容太多，就不再贅述。這些句子并不復(fù)雜，但是他們和你們平時(shí)看到的所謂滿分作文最大的不同是你看完高分范文的句子更加不會(huì)寫作了。先找到正確的方法，一路走下去，便是出口!
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