考研英語(yǔ)閱讀段落排序題得分要點(diǎn)及解題方法
考生們?cè)跍?zhǔn)備考研英語(yǔ)的閱讀復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，需要把段落排序題的得分要點(diǎn)及解題方法掌握好。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語(yǔ)閱讀段落排序題得分知識(shí)點(diǎn)和解題秘訣，歡迎大家前來(lái)閱讀。
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀段落排序題得分重點(diǎn)和解題技巧
段落排序題仍然是今年的備考重點(diǎn)，全部做對(duì)該題目的可能性微乎其微，所以就需要講究方法，在考場(chǎng)上多快好省的確保拿到6～8分。拿分要領(lǐng)為：答對(duì)首段(如果沒(méi)有給)和第二段，以及已知段后面的一段，即對(duì)2-3個(gè)，剩下的，不要做了，直接選一個(gè)肯定入選但不確定排哪里的答案。
【解題步驟】
1.閱讀已經(jīng)固定的段落
如果固定段落是首末段，那么通過(guò)閱讀首末段就可以得知整個(gè)文章的主旨大意，還要注意將已經(jīng)確定的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)從卷子上劃去，防止引起不必要的混亂;如果是首段+中間段，那也可以知道大意和文章部分內(nèi)容信息。
但是，如果首段沒(méi)有要先選出首段。 2.如何選首段 首段的特點(diǎn)： 1)首句不含有代詞，不含有總結(jié)性、過(guò)渡性詞(轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、順延等) 2)一般不含有最高級(jí)、第一或最后意思的詞語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槭锥螞](méi)有比較的對(duì)象。 3.閱讀選項(xiàng)，尤其是首尾句。給段落作初步的位置預(yù)知和組塊 考生做不到一次性排出來(lái)，能排出來(lái)的就排，一時(shí)定不了的，做如下工作： 1)位置預(yù)知：含so, conclude等表示結(jié)束的詞，可能作為尾段。但是也要警惕未必，總之還是要綜合看。
2)組塊：
有些段一看就覺(jué)得應(yīng)該一個(gè)前一個(gè)后，比如A段末提到... there are two branches.F段末提到了，the first one is...。那么A和F就屬于明顯的總分關(guān)系，應(yīng)該前后連貫。
例如2010年的E段末出現(xiàn)了
[E]... at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.而A段開(kāi)頭則是
[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about...
所以明顯的順序是E >A。
3)精確排列各個(gè)段落的順序，利用其它關(guān)聯(lián)詞進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
【例題】2014年
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable - for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city's vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.
[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.
[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers' stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans's interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.
[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
41. → A → 42. → E → 43. → 44. → 45.
【解題步驟】
1.精讀首段：
本題沒(méi)有給出首段，需要考生先判斷。具體方法要根據(jù)下步每段開(kāi)頭的關(guān)鍵詞而定。
2.通讀段首尾，模塊組合+位置預(yù)知。
根據(jù)上述的八大方法，找出各個(gè)段落段首/尾的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，具體分布為：
[A] Some archaeological sites
[B] In another case(明顯代詞+名詞)
[C] How.....?
[D] ... in one case
[E] ...find their sites....
[F] most archaeological sites, however
根據(jù)如上的關(guān)鍵詞，考生首先能判斷出來(lái)的是D和B的關(guān)系，根據(jù)代詞應(yīng)該是D>B。根據(jù)題干的矩陣41. → A → 42. → E → 43. → 44. → 45.
D>B肯定不能讓在41或者42，肯定是43，44,45中的兩個(gè)。因此首段的可能性只能是C和G中的一個(gè)。而C句首又是明顯的用特殊疑問(wèn)句提出問(wèn)題，符合首段的特點(diǎn)。
D和B的特點(diǎn)是one和another的代詞關(guān)系發(fā)生連貫。類似的連貫詞還有one-the other,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是some - others，同樣some和others會(huì)有些類似的同義詞替換。根據(jù)這個(gè)原理，A和F也是前后關(guān)聯(lián)A>F。因此42選F。
最后三個(gè)空。E的開(kāi)頭提到了on systematic survey，各種研究調(diào)查。E的段落也提到了Aerial surveys(航空研究，空中研究)而G的開(kāi)頭則提到了ground survey(地面研究)，正好是總分關(guān)系，所以順序?yàn)镋>G。因?yàn)?3-45是GDB。所以答案為
CFGDB
考研英語(yǔ)考場(chǎng)的做題順序及時(shí)間分配
時(shí)間分配
在做題時(shí)間的安排上，我們必須要遵守的`一大原則是：時(shí)間分配與題目分值成正比。分值越高的題目，得分的機(jī)會(huì)相應(yīng)也較大，若能留足時(shí)間，認(rèn)真作答，自然更易摘得高分，與其他考生拉開(kāi)差距。與此相對(duì)的，在一些分值相對(duì)較低的題型中，考生們的得分普遍相近，得分率較低，在此類題型上花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間是極不明智的。
從上述原則出發(fā)，考研英語(yǔ)的傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解(40分)和作文(30分)共70分，是重中之重，要求我們?yōu)槠淞糇銜r(shí)間。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，四篇閱讀理解文章，做題時(shí)間在60分鐘到70分鐘之間;建議每篇文章花費(fèi)15分鐘時(shí)間，如果有個(gè)別較難的文章，可以多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間，但是不要超過(guò)20分鐘。作文時(shí)間則應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格控制在40分鐘之內(nèi)，小作文15分鐘，大作文25分鐘足矣，其關(guān)鍵是要緊扣題目、層次清晰、思路明確，并輔以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。
剩下的三類題型，完型填空、翻譯、新題型，各占10分。從近年的真題走勢(shì)來(lái)看，新題型部分的難度并不是很大，20分鐘足以又快又好地將其完成;翻譯既考察翻譯能力，又考察閱讀技巧，有一定難度，考生普遍不高，建議將時(shí)間控制在20分鐘以內(nèi);完形填空題量大，難度高，分值低，包括填涂答題卡在內(nèi)，最多花15分鐘。
當(dāng)然，上述時(shí)間分配不是固定不變的，考生可以根據(jù)自己答題情況靈活調(diào)整，關(guān)鍵是牢牢把握住核心原則，把時(shí)間花在最容易產(chǎn)生效益的地方。
做題順序
考研英語(yǔ)的答題順序要因人而異的，考生可以根據(jù)自身答題情況來(lái)調(diào)整順序，使自己達(dá)到最佳應(yīng)試狀態(tài)。但根據(jù)上述時(shí)間分配原則，并結(jié)合各類題型的特點(diǎn)，我們依然可以探尋出一條相對(duì)高效的"答題之路"。
開(kāi)考后，建議考生優(yōu)先解答作文、閱讀兩大題型。關(guān)于作文，大部分考生都會(huì)在考前復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)備不同題材的作文模板，趁著剛剛開(kāi)考，記憶尚且清晰，審題結(jié)束后便可直接套用，相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)容易寫(xiě)得順暢，做下面的題也會(huì)更有信心。閱讀則因?yàn)樯婕按罅考?xì)節(jié)的比對(duì)、思考，要求考生在答題時(shí)精力集中，頭腦清醒，也應(yīng)安排在前面解答。
剩下的三類題型，翻譯和新題型孰先孰后并無(wú)太大影響，考生可自行安排。完形填空應(yīng)放在最后做，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)考試時(shí)間往往已是所剩不多，對(duì)于難度高、分值低的完型而言，大概看一看，直接填涂答題卡，或是索性蒙答案，與其他同學(xué)相比得分差距也不會(huì)很大。
上述時(shí)間安排及做題順序，考生在考前模擬時(shí)就應(yīng)反復(fù)操練，形成穩(wěn)定、精確的習(xí)慣，到了正式考試時(shí)才不會(huì)陷入漏做、少做、時(shí)間不夠用的窘境，才能真正地"決勝于考場(chǎng)"。
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重要性
●拋棄語(yǔ)法，為何是正確率低的“罪魁禍?zhǔn)?rdquo;
拋棄語(yǔ)法成為正確率低的"罪魁禍?zhǔn)?quot;，這要從英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重要性談起，如果沒(méi)有堅(jiān)實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)做可靠保證，那么考生就無(wú)法對(duì)完形填空所要求的語(yǔ)言形式以及整體結(jié)構(gòu)做一個(gè)很好的思考;就無(wú)法在文章分析中把握語(yǔ)段一致性、連貫性，將邏輯層次理清。
語(yǔ)法讓我們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言更具有系統(tǒng)性，試想，在試卷的作文中展現(xiàn)倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、比較、省略等等結(jié)構(gòu)的閃光句型，勢(shì)必會(huì)吸引閱卷老師的眼球。建立在扎實(shí)語(yǔ)法的基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)，能夠有效幫助考生在完成考研英語(yǔ)的各個(gè)題型中順利登頂。
●語(yǔ)法不牢，癥結(jié)究竟在哪些方面
首先，語(yǔ)法不牢，源于考生們根深蒂固的母語(yǔ)情節(jié)，擺脫母語(yǔ)情節(jié)的窠臼，能幫助考生真正理清考研英語(yǔ)文章的真諦;由于考生們對(duì)語(yǔ)法的"一知半解"，使得考生無(wú)法將知識(shí)串聯(lián)起來(lái)，所以具備英語(yǔ)完整的語(yǔ)法體系也是很重要的一點(diǎn)。
對(duì)語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)的不明確，使得諸如五四三二，即五大簡(jiǎn)單句、四大并列句、三大復(fù)合句、兩大特殊句式"云山霧繞"，也是語(yǔ)法不牢固的一大癥結(jié)。
●語(yǔ)法在手，長(zhǎng)難句不再是“老大難”
正所謂，任何語(yǔ)言都離不開(kāi)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，一些考生喜歡憑語(yǔ)感來(lái)做題，語(yǔ)感的確是好東西，但是，不得告誡各位考生，語(yǔ)感是一種玄妙的東西，在長(zhǎng)難句的理解中，時(shí)而奏效時(shí)而不奏效，而語(yǔ)法才是最"靠譜"的東西。
通過(guò)語(yǔ)法分析能將主謂賓以及從句進(jìn)行有效分解，從而逐詞逐句理解到位。在基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)階段，熟悉語(yǔ)法，使長(zhǎng)難句迎刃而解，不再是"老大難"問(wèn)題。
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