考研英語翻譯題型的特點(diǎn)和答題步驟
考研英語中的翻譯雖然分值不大，但卻是很容易失分也很難得分的一個(gè)部分。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語翻譯題型的要點(diǎn)和答題過程，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語翻譯題型重點(diǎn)及答題步驟
一、翻譯的題型特點(diǎn)
a.體裁以議論文為主，內(nèi)容和意義比較抽象。
b.題材具有顯著的偏向文科領(lǐng)域的趨勢。
c.句子長，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、從句多的句子劃線。
二、翻譯題型的應(yīng)對策略
兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵。一是理解的關(guān)鍵在于英語的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。二是表達(dá)的關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣對譯入語進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整。
大家需要注意的是以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1)能直譯不意譯。直譯不切合漢語習(xí)慣的時(shí)候，要意譯。另外，還有一些有牢固翻譯方法的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和搭配也要遵循習(xí)用意譯方法。例如：IT is well-known(that…)習(xí)慣譯法是眾所周知。
(2)只加不減的原則。這是從信息量的籠罩層面來說的。因?yàn)橛⑽闹杏行┰~匯有特定含義，還有在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中大量使用省略。為了忠實(shí)于原文，我們要盡量在翻譯時(shí)籠罩所有原文攜帶的信息。以免出現(xiàn)因?yàn)樾畔p損出現(xiàn)的扣分。
(3)適當(dāng)運(yùn)用翻譯技巧�？佳杏⒄Z翻譯試題，如果不能夠運(yùn)用一定的翻譯技巧，很難將譯文處置懲罰到位。也很難到達(dá)“達(dá)”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
三、翻譯的答題步驟
1、快速閱讀全文，掌握文章主旨和文體
文章是一個(gè)有機(jī)整體，不看文章翻譯其中的句子，必然會導(dǎo)致斷章取義。文章的文體也決定了我們翻譯時(shí)的語言風(fēng)格。因此提醒同學(xué)們必須先通讀全文，了解文章整體內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確掌握作者作者想要表達(dá)的主題思想以及文章文體。需要注意的是，因?yàn)闀r(shí)間有限，這里的通讀意味著快速閱讀。
2、通讀全句、劃分各意群成分
把主句、從句、非謂語動詞短語劃離開來;把主干部分和修飾部分劃離開來。
3、選擇詞義、根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣調(diào)整各意群語序、貼切表達(dá)
4、適當(dāng)調(diào)整，書寫譯文
所謂知彼知己，百戰(zhàn)不殆。了解了考研英語翻譯的試題特點(diǎn)以及基本的應(yīng)對策略以后，在復(fù)習(xí)中再加以針對性地練題，搞定翻譯就不是問題了。
考研英語沖刺提分大小作文的復(fù)習(xí)方法
以下是2011年(英語一)小作文和大作文題目。
51. Directions:
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
假如你在考場上看到這兩道題，請問你如何快速在氣氛緊張的氣氛中破題呢?假如你時(shí)間只剩35分鐘，如何快速完成2篇作文呢?
小作文做題步驟在此：先審查小作文題。按照審題方法中的四個(gè)要素我們知道它要求寫的是推薦信。接著推想信息要點(diǎn)：表明目的、表示相關(guān);推薦資格、附加說明;表達(dá)期待。接著回想出框架句子。
I am writing this letter to recommend ......to you. And I have done......
The primary contributors for my recommendation are as follows. For one thing,...... Because ...... For another, it also features ......, for the reason that.......
I hope that you will find this movie worthy of attention.
你看，只要能按照這個(gè)做題思路走，根據(jù)自己的學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)補(bǔ)充句子修改句子就可以順利寫完小作文了。當(dāng)然同學(xué)們也要注意小作文書信格式哦。
大作文做題步驟在此：先審題。1幅圖+社會問題。第一段要寫4句話。 分別是“直觀評價(jià)、整體描述、細(xì)節(jié)描述、過渡句”。Here is a picture, interesting but with profound implication. As is vividly depicted in the photo, ......, which successfully captures our eyes. After a close watch, it is easy to find that ....... Apparently, what the drawing has subtly showed is supposed to be given further analysis.
第二段需要做原因分析，要寫4-5句�？梢园凑�“總-分-總”的思路寫。Theoretically, several factors may cause the problem conveyed in the picture, but from my perspective, the following two are of utmost importance. On the top of list is that ....... In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally admitted that ....... No other case can better illustrate the serious problem than the picture above. 一定還需要注意所寫的兩點(diǎn)原因之間有清晰的邏輯關(guān)系哦，在補(bǔ)齊句子時(shí)一定要注意。
第三段是需要給出“個(gè)人評論”，寫大約3-4句話就可以了。In accordance with the analysis above, it is advisable for us to take steps to reverse this evil trend. Of all the steps, to do...... tends to function well in the job. Only in this way can we resolve this problem and embrace a bright future.
在這樣的做題思路之下，有沒有覺得考研作文一下子簡單許多呢?最后來看看一篇范文，你能寫的出來嗎?
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing this letter to recommend you a wonderful movie, Pride and Prejudice. And I just watched it two days ago and I love it very much.
The primary contributors for my recommendation are as follows. For one thing, this movie is very touching. It tells a beautiful love story between an arrogant man and a prejudiced lady. For another, it also features excellent English dialogue, because it has both a genius author and a talented screenwriter.
I hope that you will find this movie worthy of attention.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
Here is a picture, interesting but with profound implication. As is vividly depicted in the photo, a tourist is happily enjoying the beautiful scenery on a boat , which successfully captures our eyes. After a close watch, it is disgusting to find that around the boat, there are many rubbish floating on the river. Apparently, what the drawing has subtly showed is supposed to be given further analysis.
Theoretically, several factors may cause the problem conveyed in the picture, but from my perspective, the following two are of utmost importance. On the top of list is that many people have failed to realize the serious result of throwing rubbish here and there. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally admitted that the current state of the affair depicted in the photo may have been encouraged by the lack of legal penalty. No other case can better illustrate the serious problem than the picture above.
In accordance with the analysis above, it is advisable for us to take steps to reverse this evil trend. Of all the steps, to carry forward some related legal penalty rules tends to function well in the job. Only in this way can we resolve this problem and embrace a bright future.
考研英語閱讀的實(shí)用經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享
(1)有些細(xì)節(jié)題可能考察的就是一兩個(gè)單詞，和整篇文章主要說明的不對應(yīng)是正常的，一定要有辨識力。
(2)文章定位后要注意精讀，特別注意一類陷阱是偷梁換柱，往往把表述的主體、特點(diǎn)偷換為另一主體(說明一定要把主體確定下來)
(3)對于有些代詞的指代在定位后一定要明晰，這往往很重要
(4)全文作者的感情基調(diào)一定要把握住，對于態(tài)度題，要憑自己的感覺，你得出的感覺往往就是作者想傳達(dá)給讀者的(首先要判斷作者是正面還是負(fù)面)
(5)作者對諺語、名言、典故的引用往往是為了論證自己的觀點(diǎn)
(6)寫作目的、舉例目的題一定要聯(lián)系作者的論證觀點(diǎn)來答
(7)當(dāng)題目選項(xiàng)干擾很大無法確定是，比較哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文章主旨有較大的相關(guān)性或者相近性。
考研英語：段落翻譯的兩大高頻考點(diǎn)
翻譯的拆分點(diǎn)
例：It was fueled by low interest rates /and kept going by a false sense of security /created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy. (1.5分)
這個(gè)例句在15分的段落翻譯中占1.5分，具體的`結(jié)構(gòu)劃分可從并列連詞，從屬連詞，非謂語動詞以及介詞短語入手。這句話中有并列連詞“and”以及過去分詞“created”，因此劃分之后每個(gè)部分各占0.5分。
一、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)具有很好的區(qū)分度，所以每年都會考查。同學(xué)們在最后一個(gè)月一定要掌握分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯方法。
(1)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語的翻譯
現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動作的名詞(與名詞有主謂關(guān)系)，過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(與名詞是動賓關(guān)系)。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語一般采用前置譯法，譯為“……的+中心詞”。
例：Business-to-business (B2B) sites vary from those providing simple lead generation, to complex marketplaces serving a variety of buyers and sellers to private extranets.
譯文：B2B網(wǎng)站從提供簡單引導(dǎo)(的網(wǎng)站)，到給各種各樣的買賣雙方提供復(fù)雜的市場服務(wù)，再到連接私人的外聯(lián)網(wǎng)不等。
(2)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語的翻譯
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等邏輯關(guān)系。翻譯時(shí)一般譯成獨(dú)立的分句，并添加與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系詞。
例1：While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.
譯文：當(dāng)這些計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)生大量二氧化碳的同時(shí)，還釋放出了大量的熱量，因此數(shù)據(jù)中心又必須裝備很好的散熱設(shè)備，這就會消耗更多的能源。
例2：They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in new products their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.
譯文：他們擔(dān)心這會損害本國經(jīng)濟(jì)，使他們失去急需的熟練勞動者，這些人本可以留在國內(nèi)在大學(xué)任教，在醫(yī)院工作或設(shè)計(jì)新奇產(chǎn)品供工廠生產(chǎn)。
二、定語從句
翻譯定語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)定語從句的長短來判定翻譯方法：
(1)當(dāng)定語從句較短時(shí)：采用前置譯法，譯為“……的+中心詞”。
(2)當(dāng)定語從句較長時(shí)：采用后置譯法，獨(dú)立翻譯成一個(gè)分句，關(guān)系代詞恢復(fù)為指示代詞或原主語，根據(jù)情況添加與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系詞。
例：Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes of averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets.
譯文：金融監(jiān)管將不得不應(yīng)對這種最不負(fù)責(zé)任的并導(dǎo)致銀行損失慘重的做法，以期防止下一次危機(jī)，而下一次危機(jī)很可能包括各種類型的金融技術(shù)和資產(chǎn)。
最后階段復(fù)習(xí)翻譯題型時(shí)，一定將復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)放在高頻考點(diǎn)上，一定將自己的譯文寫出來，然后與參考譯文反復(fù)對照進(jìn)行修改，以提升翻譯的整體得分。
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