托福閱讀考試長難句分析

　　托福考試閱讀長難句對大家來說簡直是噩夢，要怎么分析這些惱人的長難句呢?大家在看長難句的時(shí)候，多思考，一個(gè)句子為什么這么長，常見的修飾成分到底有哪些?其實(shí)不多，連詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞以及同位語或插入語。下面是小編分享的托福閱讀考試長難句分析，希望能幫到大家!

　　托福閱讀考試長難句分析 1

　　In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)

　　大家先自己理解，多想想，先別看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。

　　(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )

　　老邪分析：一個(gè)句子重點(diǎn)在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干為句子中紅色部分，括號里均是修飾成分。

　　修飾一：(In order for the structure)，介詞短語

　　修飾二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非謂語做形容詞性修飾structure

　　修飾三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入語，插入語記得先跳過去，斷句別出問題，that和have changed是在一起的。

　　(老師，啥叫插入語?嗯，好問題，改天我專門講講這些概念。上過課并認(rèn)真聽的.同學(xué)，你懂的。)

　　修飾四：(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.從句修飾support

　　修飾五：(even while building materials have changed dramatically. )，從句

　　括號外面的是主干：architectureemploys methods of support，注意support這里是名詞。

　　已經(jīng)拆成這么短了，你再試試看，應(yīng)該能看懂了吧?其實(shí)在理解句子的時(shí)候比較容易犯錯(cuò)在于斷句和語序，語序和中文有差異，下次我講修飾成分的時(shí)候一并講。

　　參考翻譯：為了使結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)到必要的大小和強(qiáng)度去滿足它的目的，建筑學(xué)上使用了一些支撐的方法，因?yàn)檫@些方法都是基于物理定律，所以盡管建筑材料已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化，這些方法卻自人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們以來就沒有什么變化。

　　看明白之后，別只看一遍，給我看幾十遍!!沒事就拿出來欣賞欣賞，直到你想吐為止。

　　讀書百遍，其義自現(xiàn)，閱讀最強(qiáng)的就是閱讀。嗯，特別好!

　　托福閱讀考試長難句分析 2

　　世界本沒有長難句，修飾成分多了，便有了長難句。

　　大家在看長難句的時(shí)候，多思考，一個(gè)句子為什么這么長，常見的修飾成分到底有哪些?其實(shí)不多，連詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞以及同位語或插入語。

　　今天我們來看這樣一個(gè)句子：

　　Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)

　　voluminous/vlmns/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 寬松的, 肥大的';

　　drapery/drepri/n.布料

　　wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔術(shù)師用的)魔杖

　　costume/kɑstum/ n. 服裝, 服裝式樣

　　Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).

　　分析：

　　修飾一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，從句，修飾dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)這里還有一個(gè)從句哦。

　　中文：專注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色

　　修飾二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，從句，修飾前面skirts or draperies，其實(shí)是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…

　　中文：她主要通過手臂的移動(dòng)使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動(dòng)

　　修飾三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非謂語動(dòng)詞，修飾arms。主要這里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修飾wands

　　中文：有時(shí)候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長

　　主干：括號外面的，F(xiàn)ullerdevised a type of dance

　　參考翻譯：Fuller設(shè)計(jì)了一種(專注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通過手臂的移動(dòng)使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動(dòng)，有時(shí)候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長。

　　這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和非謂語動(dòng)詞，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　看明白之后，別只看一遍，給我看幾十遍!!沒事就拿出來欣賞欣賞，直到你想吐為止。

　　讀書百遍，其義自現(xiàn)，閱讀最強(qiáng)技巧的就是閱讀。

　　托福閱讀考試長難句分析 3

　　一、復(fù)合句分析

　　1. 定語從句嵌套

　　例句：The heat generated by the impact of a meteorite with the Earth, which can be calculated based on the size and speed of the meteorite, can cause widespread destruction in the area of impact and potentially trigger global climate changes.

　　分析：句子主干為 “The heat can cause widespread destruction and potentially trigger global climate changes” ，“generated by the impact of a meteorite with the Earth” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “the heat”；“which can be calculated based on the size and speed of the meteorite” 是定語從句，同樣修飾 “the heat”，解釋熱量可通過隕石大小和速度計(jì)算。閱讀時(shí)，先找到主干把握核心意思，再梳理修飾成分，明確其與主干的關(guān)系 。

　　2. 名詞性從句

　　例句：What scientists have discovered is that the ancient civilization in this region had a highly developed system of agriculture, which allowed them to sustain a large population and build complex urban structures.

　　分析：“What scientists have discovered” 是主語從句，作整個(gè)句子的主語；“that the ancient civilization in this region had a highly developed system of agriculture” 是表語從句，解釋科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容；“which allowed them to sustain a large population and build complex urban structures” 是定語從句，修飾 “a highly developed system of agriculture”。分析此類句子，要清晰分辨不同從句在句中的語法功能，從而理解句子完整含義。

　　二、倒裝句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句

　　1. 倒裝句

　　例句：Only when the environmental conditions are just right, with sufficient sunlight, water, and nutrients, do certain plants begin the process of flowering and producing seeds.

　　分析：正常語序應(yīng)為 “Certain plants begin the process of flowering and producing seeds only when the environmental conditions are just right, with sufficient sunlight, water, and nutrients” 。此句為 “Only + 狀語從句” 位于句首引起的倒裝，目的是強(qiáng)調(diào) “when the environmental conditions are just right” 這一條件。分析時(shí)，需將語序還原，以理解句子原本的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系。

　　2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句

　　例句：It was the invention of the printing press in the 15th century that significantly increased the availability of books and thus accelerated the spread of knowledge across Europe.

　　分析：這是典型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句 “It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who + 其他部分”，強(qiáng)調(diào) “the invention of the printing press in the 15th century”。去掉 “It was...that” 后，句子依然完整：“The invention of the printing press in the 15th century significantly increased the availability of books and thus accelerated the spread of knowledge across Europe”。識(shí)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)，能快速抓住句子強(qiáng)調(diào)的核心內(nèi)容。

　　三、分詞短語與插入語

　　1. 分詞短語

　　例句：Using advanced satellite imagery and geological surveys, researchers have identified several areas beneath the ocean floor that may contain vast reserves of valuable minerals, offering new possibilities for future resource extraction.

　　分析：“Using advanced satellite imagery and geological surveys” 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語，表明研究者獲取信息的方式；“offering new possibilities for future resource extraction” 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，說明發(fā)現(xiàn)蘊(yùn)含礦物區(qū)域的`影響。閱讀時(shí)，要明確分詞短語的語法功能，將其與句子主干合理銜接。

　　2. 插入語

　　例句：The new theory, which challenges many traditional beliefs in the field of astronomy, especially those related to the formation of galaxies, suggests that dark matter plays a more significant role in the universes structure than previously thought.

　　分析：“which challenges many traditional beliefs in the field of astronomy, especially those related to the formation of galaxies” 是插入語（定語從句形式），補(bǔ)充說明 “the new theory”。插入語會(huì)打斷句子連貫性，分析時(shí)可先跳過，理解句子主干 “The new theory suggests that dark matter plays a more significant role in the universes structure than previously thought”，再回頭看插入語的內(nèi)容。

　　通過對托福閱讀中長難句的系統(tǒng)分析，掌握不同句子類型的特點(diǎn)和破解方法，能有效提升閱讀效率和對文章的理解深度。在備考過程中，建議多進(jìn)行長難句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)，通過實(shí)際分析鞏固技巧，為托福閱讀取得高分奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

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