定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞知識(shí)
定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
一.什么是從屬?gòu)?fù)合句
在第七講（坐標(biāo)語(yǔ)法）里講到，英句子的特點(diǎn)是：詞可以做句子成分，短語(yǔ)可以做句子成分，句子也可以做句子成分，成分中還可以有成分，從句中還可以有從句。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，從屬?gòu)?fù)合句就是用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的成分，被用做句子成分的句子就是從句，另一個(gè)句子就是主句。既然從句是用做句子成分，我們可以以句子成分來(lái)對(duì)從句進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，也可以按詞性來(lái)對(duì)從句進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。按詞性分，從句可分為：形容詞性從句，名詞性從句與副詞性從句三大類(lèi)；按句子成分來(lái)分，可分為：定語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句六種。
二.定語(yǔ)從句與關(guān)系詞的功能
定語(yǔ)從句起到形容詞或限定詞的語(yǔ)法作用，在句中修飾或限定某一個(gè)名詞或代詞，一般置于其所修飾或限定的詞后面。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞的作用一是起到連接從句作用，并在從句中充一定的語(yǔ)法成分，關(guān)系詞要與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致,二是關(guān)系詞的表意功能取決于先行詞即，關(guān)系詞的'含義是指代先行詞，連接定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞之所以叫關(guān)系詞，就是與先行詞產(chǎn)生關(guān)系之意。在關(guān)系詞的選擇上，我們要考慮關(guān)系詞這兩個(gè)方面的作用即，關(guān)系詞的語(yǔ)法 功能與表意功能。
三. 例題解析
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
解析：定語(yǔ)從句不缺句子主干成分，從語(yǔ)法 功能上講不能選關(guān)系代詞B。從表意功能上看，先行詞是national parks，因此答案選D。
2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
解析：本題定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是生活（lives），不缺句子主干成分，從語(yǔ)法 功能上講不能選關(guān)系代詞BCD三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，固選A ，用來(lái)whose 限定lives。
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
解析：本題定語(yǔ)從句明顯缺主語(yǔ)，不能選A 關(guān)系代詞who的賓格形式 ，C what為名詞性從句中的代詞，剩下BC兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，再看先行詞是 those指的是那些人，固選B。
4. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which C. where D. how
解析：本題定語(yǔ)從句不缺句子主干成分，從語(yǔ)法 功能上講不能選關(guān)系代詞B，從表意功能上看，先行詞為letter，意思是在信中他解釋說(shuō)，固選C。
5. There is no simple answer; _____ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
解析：本題定語(yǔ)從句明顯缺主語(yǔ)，所以不能選C和D，從句的意思是就如在科學(xué)中那樣子，含有如，像之意固選A。
6. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom
解析：本題定語(yǔ)從句明顯缺主語(yǔ)，固不能選A與B，先 行詞為island，是指處所，所以選C。
7. _________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C . What D. As
解析：本題與第五題相同，選D
8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
解析：本題定語(yǔ)從句不缺句子主干成分，live為不及物動(dòng)詞。先行詞是the environment，意思是我們住在這個(gè)環(huán)境里，固選D。
9. We have launched another man-made satellite, _________ is announced in today’s newspaper.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
解析：本題定語(yǔ)從句明顯缺主語(yǔ)，D不能選，因?yàn)閣hat不是定語(yǔ)從句中的代詞。本題沒(méi)有具體的先行詞，在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞可指代主句所指的事，所以不能選C。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)要用到指物的關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，不能用that，固選B。
10. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _________ I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
解析：
本題定語(yǔ)從句不缺句子主干成分，stay為不及物動(dòng)詞。先行詞為the house，表處所，固先C。
四．定語(yǔ)從句考考你（用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空）
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
4. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
5. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
6. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
7. _________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live.
9. We have launched another man-made satellite, _________is announced in today’s newspaper.
10. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _________I would be staying.
11.” You can’t judge a book by its cover”, _________the old saying goes.
12. The children, all of ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
14. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _________ are family members.
15. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _________made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
16. It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
17. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
18. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
19. Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
20. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere in ______ his employees enjoy their work.
21. The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
22. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
23. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
24. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
25. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
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