sat考試生物專(zhuān)業(yè)的高頻詞匯

　　在sat考試中，會(huì)有很多關(guān)于化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)方面的重點(diǎn)詞匯是經(jīng)�？嫉�。下面就讓百分網(wǎng)小編給大家分享sat考試中生物專(zhuān)業(yè)的一些高頻詞匯相關(guān)知識(shí)吧，希望能對(duì)你有幫助!

　　sat生物專(zhuān)業(yè)的高頻詞匯：B開(kāi)頭

　　Bile(膽汁)

　　An emulsifier of fats secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder for release in the small intestine.

　　binary fission(二分裂) ：?jiǎn)渭?xì)胞生物進(jìn)行無(wú)性繁殖的方法之一，一個(gè)個(gè)體分裂為大小大致相同的兩個(gè)子個(gè)體

　　Asexual reproduction found in prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two equal daughter cells by a nonmitotic process.

　　Biomass(生物量)

　　The amount of living matter in a given ecosystem. Because only 10 percent of energy is transferred between trophic levels, the biomass of lower trophic levels is greater than the biomass of subsequent trophic levels: biomass of producers > biomass of primary consumers > biomass of secondary consumers > biomass of tertiary consumers.

　　Biome(生物社會(huì))

　　A particular geographic area with a common climate and characteristic plant and animal life. There are six major terrestrial biomes and two aquatic biomes. The six terrestrial biomes are tropical rain forest, savanna, desert, temperate deciduous forest, taiga, and tundra. The two aquatic biomes are marine and freshwater. Each biome is characterized by specific climax communities.

　　Blood(血)

　　The liquid that carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells and carries carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes away. The liquid fluid of blood is called plasma. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that binds oxygen. White blood cells fight disease. Platelets clot to prevent extreme blood loss resulting from injury.

　　Bone(骨)

　　Rigid structures composed of living cells rooted in a matrix of calcium, phosphate salts, and collagen fibers. Bones are the primary component of most vertebrate skeletons.

　　Brain(腦)

　　The center of the central nervous system. The brain coordinates the processes of the body. It is composed of various distinct regions, all of which have different functions, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and hypothalamus.

　　Bryophyte(苔蘚植物)

　　A lower terrestrial plant (often a moss or liverwort) that lacks a vascular system and is dependent on environmental moisture for reproductive and nutritive functions.

　　Budding(萌芽)

　　Asexual reproductive process in which a small portion of the cell membrane and cytoplasm receive a nucleus and pinch off from the parent cell.

　　Buffer(緩沖液)

　　Solutions that resist change in pH even when acids and bases are added.

　　Bulb(球莖)

　　Roughly spherical underground bud containing additional buds that can develop asexually into new plants.

　　sat生物專(zhuān)業(yè)的高頻詞匯：I開(kāi)頭

　　Imprinting(印記)

　　Instinctual behavior in which social bonds are formed during early development. Typically used with the example of a newly hatched bird or other animal identifying and treating the first moving object it sees as its mother.

　　incomplete dominance(不完全顯性)

　　Occurs when two different alleles of the same gene are both partially expressed in a heterozygote. The resulting phenotype is intermediate between the homozygous phenotypes of the two alleles. Color in a four o’clock flower is an example of incomplete dominance.

　　independent assortment(單獨(dú)分類(lèi))

　　Mendel’s conclusion that during gamete formation, the segregation of one pair of genes has no influence over the segregation of another pair of hereditary units. Two different traits will thus be inherited independently of each other. This law holds true, except for linked genes. It is often called Mendel’s second law.

　　inheritance of acquired traits(獲得性狀遺傳)

　　A crucial, and incorrect, aspect of Lamarck’s theory of evolution. Lamarck believed that the traits a parent acquired during its lifetime would be passed on to its offspring.

　　Instincts(本能)

　　Behavior that is hardwired into the brain of an organism; behavior that does not have to be learned.

　　Insulin(胰島素)

　　Hormone secreted by the pancreas that reduces blood sugar levels. A lack of insulin can result in diabetes.

　　Interphase(間期)

　　The phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle in which the cell prepares for division, primarily by replicating its DNA. After interphase, the cell enters mitosis.

　　intertidal zone(潮間帶)：漲潮線(xiàn)與落潮線(xiàn)中間之地區(qū)

　　The most shallow zone in a marine habitat. Periodically dry or wet with the changing tides. Algae, sponges, mollusks, starfish, and crabs inhabit this zone. Also called the littoral zone.

　　Ion(離子)

　　An atom or molecule that has lost or gained an electron and consequently has a positive or negative charge.

　　Isotonic(同滲壓的)

　　A situation in which the concentration of solutes in a solution is equivalent to what it contains. There is no concentration gradient in isotonic solutions and no net flow of solutes or water.

　　sat生物專(zhuān)業(yè)的高頻詞匯：E開(kāi)頭

　　Ear(耳)

　　Sensory organ capable of detecting sound.

　　ecological succession(生態(tài)序列)

　　The progression of plant life and attendant animal life in a given geographic location, from pioneer plant to climax community.

　　Ecology(生態(tài)學(xué))

　　The study of the interactions and relationships of populations with each other and their abiotic environments.

　　Ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))

　　A community of organisms and its abiotic environment.

　　Ectotherm(變溫動(dòng)物)

　　See cold-blooded.

　　Egg(卵)

　　The female gamete in sexual reproduction; also called an ovum.

　　electron microscope(電子顯微鏡)

　　An instrument that uses an electron beam to form clear and highly magnified images of microscopic structures. Electron microscopes cannot take pictures of living organisms.

　　electron transport chain(電子傳遞鏈)

　　The final stage of aerobic respiration. The electron transport chain establishes an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that powers the synthesis of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation.

　　Embryo(胚胎)

　　Before birth, the maturing cells that will grow into a fully formed organism.

　　endocrine system(內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng))

　　Control system of the body that functions by releasing hormones into the bloodstream.

　　Endocytosis(內(nèi)吞作用)

　　Process by which liquids or small solid particles are taken into a cell in the form of small vesicles that are produced through the invagination of the cell membrane.

　　endoplasmic reticulum(ER/內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng))

　　A network of membrane-bound tubes and sacs in the cytoplasm. The endoplasmic reticulum is a major site of protein and lipid synthesis.

　　Endoskeleton(內(nèi)骨)

　　An interior skeleton found in vertebrates made of bone and cartilage.

　　Endotherm(恒溫動(dòng)物)

　　See warm-blooded.

　　energy pyramid(能級(jí)圖)

　　Energy in a community can be depicted as a pyramid of food or biomass. The availability of food, biomass, and energy from the trophic level of producers up through each subsequent level on the food web is approximately 10 percent of that available in the previous trophic level.

　　Enzymes(酶)

　　Biological catalysts made from proteins. Enzymes have attachment locations for substrates called active sites.

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