考研英語閱讀辨別正確及錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的方法

　　考研英語閱讀做題時(shí)間有限，題量有很大，因此需要考生要把握住復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語閱讀辨別正確及錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的秘訣，歡迎大家前來閱讀。

　　考研英語閱讀辨別正確及錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的技巧

　　▶正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)分析

　　1、正確選項(xiàng)是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。如果選項(xiàng)中的句子是文中的原文，就有可能是陷阱，不是正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)楹芸赡軙?huì)是句子雖對(duì)但是與題目不符合。

　　在同義替換的過程中需要注意的是有可能只是某個(gè)單詞或者短語的簡(jiǎn)單替換，也有可能是句式的替換和語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換，還有可能是對(duì)文中內(nèi)容的概括歸納和總結(jié)。總之表達(dá)的意思不變是基本原則。

　　2、正確選項(xiàng)一般符合常理和道德。這是要分情況去討論的。因?yàn)槿绻�題目是針對(duì)文中的某個(gè)人物的觀點(diǎn)，而且這個(gè)人物有發(fā)表過什么謬論，那么如果在這種內(nèi)容上設(shè)置題目很明顯就只能根據(jù)原文的意思來，也就是說正確選項(xiàng)極有可能是不符合常規(guī)的。但是，就絕大多數(shù)觀點(diǎn)類的題目而言，無論是結(jié)論也好還是作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度也好，正確選項(xiàng)基本符合常理和倫理道德，以保證不誤導(dǎo)大家正確的價(jià)值觀。

　　▶錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)分析

　　1、有比較的選項(xiàng)。典型的就是有比較結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，此類選項(xiàng)要小心。前提注意原文在闡述的時(shí)候只是分開客觀敘述還是指明了兩者之間的比較。如果沒有提出，那么選項(xiàng)中的比較就很有可能是做題人自己根據(jù)自己的想法而賦予了比較的含義。

　　2、有過于絕對(duì)的字眼一般為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。例如：absolutely,never,all,thoroughly,must這類表示絕對(duì)概念的詞匯一定要多加小心。從常理來看，世間萬物幾乎沒什么事情是絕對(duì)的。因此如果在選項(xiàng)中有類似絕對(duì)的表達(dá)，就基本可以判斷它的正誤了。反之，如果有一些類似比較溫和的詞語的出現(xiàn)，那么作為正確選項(xiàng)的概率也就大大增加了。比如：mildly,may,might,perhaps,partly等等。

　　3、一些錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的典型特征。比如，雖然句子對(duì)，但是就是與題目不符;還有一種是句子前半句對(duì)，后半句錯(cuò);甚至有的是一句話中糅雜了原文好幾個(gè)句子，但意思不對(duì);還有我們?cè)谝蚬�關(guān)系題目中提及到的，將原文的原因錯(cuò)當(dāng)選項(xiàng)的結(jié)果，亦或者把原文的結(jié)果錯(cuò)當(dāng)成原因。

　　需要提醒大家的是，不是所有選項(xiàng)都百分之百有規(guī)律的。我們?cè)谧鲇⒄Z閱讀時(shí)，在確保文中內(nèi)容理解的前提下，多多小心題目中的陷阱，做到每做一個(gè)題目都一定記得問題是什么，并且用排除法先排除最明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。基礎(chǔ)結(jié)合技巧，閱讀也就變得沒有想象中的那么難了。

　　考研英語寫作拿高分的方法

　　▶1. 主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句

　　“英文多被動(dòng)，漢語多主動(dòng)”，還需要警惕名詞與動(dòng)詞之間暗含的“主被動(dòng)”關(guān)系。

　　Eg1: It is said that …據(jù)說/相傳

　　Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …

　　Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議

　　Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激

　　Eg5：Students should study hard.

　　Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.

　　▶2. 簡(jiǎn)單句變從句

　　名詞性從句，含主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四種;定語從句;狀語從句

　　A. 主語從句：

　　Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.

　　Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語;that從句為真正主語)

　　B.賓語從句：

　　Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.

　　Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.

　　Eg3：明智的人不為別人的'想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.

　　C. 表語從句：

　　Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.

　　Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.

　　D. 同位語從句

　　Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)

　　Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.

　　E. 含同位語句式

　　A.人 身份

　　Eg. I am convinced that …

　　As a college student, I am convinced that …

　　I, as a college student, am convinced that …

　　B. 物 性質(zhì)

　　Eg. A strong will brings us power …

　　As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…

　　A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…

　　插入語

　　Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.

　　The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.

　　Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.

　　The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.

　　Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.

　　Others, even so, hold a different view.

　　Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)

　　Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.

　　F. 定語從句：

　　步驟：1)先寫出正確簡(jiǎn)單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)

　　2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when

　　Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.

　　Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?

　　▶3. it 句式

　　A. 形式主語 it is +被動(dòng)/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …

　　Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …

　　Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do

　　Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …

　　Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.

　　B. 形式賓語

　　Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.

　　Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.

　　Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.

　　▶4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句

　　A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語：

　　Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.

　　Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.

　　Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.

　　B. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他成分。

　　【步驟】

　　a. 先寫出正確的簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句或復(fù)合句，明確單句的各個(gè)成分。

　　b. 在被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分(除謂語和補(bǔ)語外)兩邊添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不變，必要時(shí)調(diào)整順序。

　　【強(qiáng)調(diào)句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)，整個(gè)句子無冗余或成分殘缺。

　　Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

　　It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

　　It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.

　　Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

　　(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

　　Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

　　It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

　　▶5. 倒裝

　　A. 表否定的副詞、短語或狀語位于主語之前或句首，主句半倒裝(一般疑問句語序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,

　　Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.

　　B. Only +狀語位于句首，主句半倒裝。

　　Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.

　　Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.

　　Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.

　　Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.

　　Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.

　　Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.

　　C.As/though倒裝形式

　　Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

　　Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

　　Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.

　　Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.

　　Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

　　Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

　　▶6.雙重否定：

　　Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.

　　In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.

　　Eg2：A strong will is very important.

　　The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.

　　Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

　　Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

　　▶7. Ving/ved 狀語

　　A. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且主語一致，將次要?jiǎng)幼鲗懗蓈-ing或v-ed形式做狀語，即動(dòng)作與邏輯主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)寫成v-ing形式、為被動(dòng)關(guān)系是寫成V-ed形式。

　　Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.

　　I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.

　　Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.

　　Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

　　Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

　　Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.

　　B.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作主語一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作寫成Having +ved形式。

　　Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.

　　Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.

　　▶8. 排比結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)

　　Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)

　　Eg3：作為一種重要素質(zhì)，自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對(duì)生活的熱愛、幫助我們戰(zhàn)勝困難。

　　As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.

　　考研英語中應(yīng)用文寫作，通過模板句型，經(jīng)典的例句完全可以得到比較理想的分?jǐn)?shù)，因?yàn)?ldquo;言簡(jiǎn)意賅”就是它的特點(diǎn)。而大作文對(duì)于語言表達(dá)上的要求要高幾個(gè)level，只是模式化的文字已經(jīng)不足以打動(dòng)考官，需要在原有的結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新，讓考官看的跌宕起伏，還是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的關(guān)鍵所在。

　　考研英語閱讀技巧

　　▶1.首末段重點(diǎn)看

　　不論是任何的文章類型，都需要認(rèn)真去讀首段，末段其實(shí)是可以選擇性的去看的，前提是末段會(huì)不會(huì)設(shè)題目，或者說當(dāng)最后一個(gè)題目出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候最后一段還沒有碰到過，那么很有可能這個(gè)題目的答案就在末段，這類型的題目以態(tài)度題居多。而首段要重點(diǎn)看，是不言而喻的。因?yàn)橹挥锌赐炅耸锥挝覀儾拍芟热霝橹鞯拇蟾帕私庀逻@篇文章想要告訴我們什么，或者想要引入什么主題。

　　▶2.首段中有轉(zhuǎn)折

　　如果有轉(zhuǎn)折，(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系無非體現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)折詞上，but, however, yet, though, while等等‘)轉(zhuǎn)折處多有考察。雖不能說是絕對(duì)，但是我們應(yīng)該明白，思想的表達(dá)，觀點(diǎn)的陳述一旦出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，轉(zhuǎn)折之后就是重點(diǎn)。

　　▶3.長(zhǎng)難句要重點(diǎn)看

　　在每一篇文章中總是會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)讓大家非常頭疼的又長(zhǎng)又難，一眼望不到句號(hào)的句子。也許你的心里在想，這么難，一句不看不至于影響整篇文章吧。但是不得不告訴大家，對(duì)整篇的影響可能的確是不大，可是對(duì)于題目的影響會(huì)非常大。

　　經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴大家：有長(zhǎng)難句，就會(huì)有考題哦。所以平日練就的長(zhǎng)難句分析能力就趕緊派上用場(chǎng)了。但是在長(zhǎng)難句的分析中，依舊是以主句為主。主句一般是剔除掉修飾之后的成分。比如從句，非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)，甚至是形容詞，副詞結(jié)構(gòu)。主句真正體現(xiàn)主要意思。那么從屬成分就是可以選擇略讀的成分。

　　▶4.觀點(diǎn)處細(xì)看

　　每篇文章都有5個(gè)題目，而在5個(gè)題目中可以不夸張的說一定要三個(gè)題目是要涉及人物觀點(diǎn)的。那么大家在回到原文的時(shí)候一定是重點(diǎn)細(xì)看觀點(diǎn)處。前提是什么地方就是觀點(diǎn)的體現(xiàn)。簡(jiǎn)單說就是有思想的，而非客觀描述的事實(shí)。還需注意的是：作者觀點(diǎn)在文章中一把比較隱蔽，那么沒有人物提到，但很明確是個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的體現(xiàn)，就一定是作者的觀點(diǎn)。

　　那么對(duì)于文中人物觀點(diǎn)的話，有一些關(guān)鍵詞：sb argue/ believe/ think/ claim/ deem 等等之后的內(nèi)容就是觀點(diǎn)句。還有直接引用也屬于觀點(diǎn)句。與觀點(diǎn)不相關(guān)的種種都可以省略看。在閱讀文章中最明顯的就是，提及到人物的職位，頭銜，成就等等。

　　▶5.舉例和例子

　　閱讀中有一類典型的題目叫做例證題。例證題指的是例子證明觀點(diǎn)。這在文章的行文中是最常用的手段用來證明作者或者是文中人物想要陳述的或則想要反駁的觀點(diǎn)的。既然是議論文的一種重要的寫作手段，也必定成為出題人比較青睞的考察點(diǎn)。

　　只要記住例子的出現(xiàn)就是為了觀點(diǎn)的證明。并且這種題目十有八九都是讓大家找到那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，只不過根據(jù)例子的范圍不同，它要證明的觀點(diǎn)也有不同的說法。如果例子在開頭，則為了引出下文。如果例子出現(xiàn)在段中則為了證明細(xì)節(jié)觀點(diǎn)，但是如果例子是整段甚者好幾段，那么只有一種情況，是為了證明全文中心的。

　　最后，看文章離不了中心，做題目更離不開中心意思。而文中頻頻出現(xiàn)的詞和意思就是本文的中心。

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